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Copernicus Vs Galileo

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The Scientific Revolution has changed science and the way of thinking in a major way. Today we see science without much opposition, however, this was not always the case. Religion and science have clashed before to name what is and is not science. Copernicus and Galileo have witnessed and dealt with how difficult it is to change or better the current knowledge around especially when it requires consent from the church. Both of these critical thinkers worked to find the truth about the solar system and how it worked. Their teachings were seen as something that went against religion and for this reason their works took years to be released and more importantly believed. Copernicus has faced his share of challenges, and before he could even …show more content…

He also studied the work of Copernicus using his teachings to better understand and question the current knowledge that was present. Galileo also refused to release his thoughts on the subject, knowing there would be a rebuttal to his theory. During his time as a teacher at Padua, he was not allowed to teach his findings and theories. As time went on the telescope was made and influenced Galileo to make his own version. Using his telescope, he observed sunspots on the sun and Jupiter’s moons. Shortly after his discoveries he released “the Starry Messenger” and then the “Letters on Sunspots”. These soon came under harsh criticism and was declared works against God. Galileo defended his work against this criticism and stated one can be a sincere Copernican and Catholic. He sent a letter in his defense the, “letter to the Grand Duchess Christina”, hoping to receive some support. This attempt did not work and the Catholic Church banned his teachings and stated he could not teach them again. Obeying the churches command, he did what he was told and did not teach his findings. However, once his friend became pope as Urban VIII; realizing he might have a chance to publish his work, he released, “A Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems”. Again Galileo faced criticism and this time had to go to trial for his beliefs. After he was tried, the church banned him from teaching his works ever again and placed him on house arrest for the rest of his

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Galileo was also an outcast due to his theory of the Earth revolving around the Sun. In his period, it was believed that the opposite occurred. When Galileo presented his ideas, people were outraged and shocked. His scientific notions conclusively brought upon his banishment. Even their deaths were eerily similar, as they were both excluded from the rest of the world upon passing.

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Galileo Galilei was believed to be a heretic for opposing the belief of the Catholic Church, despite him being scientifically correct. With the invention of the telescope, Galileo Galilei had the ability to study the function of the universe and publish his scientific observations, raising the attention of the Catholic Church. Heliocentrism and the Catholic Church Timeline, states “The Catholic Church told Galileo to stop sharing his theory in public in the year of 1615. Along with that, the Catholic Church added Copernicus’s work (and others supporting the heliocentric model to its list of banned books)” (Doc A :Timeline).

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The second was the Ptolemaic or Earth-centered Universe, were the sun orbits the Earth. Galileo faced much opposition from the Catholic Church, and was repeatedly harassed and condemned by his contemporaries. The letter he wrote to Christina was to clearly state his view of mixing science and religion. He projected himself as a man that was only trying to expose the truth, but he was also trying to

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Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer who disagreed with the Roman Catholic theory of geocentrism. He was not a heretic because he was a Christian and had similar beliefs to the Roman Catholics, but he did not agree with the Church’s theory of the position and movement of Earth in the Solar System. Document A is an excerpt of a letter to Duchess Christina of Tuscany written by Galilei, counter-arguing the heresy claims. In the letter, Galileo wrote, “Can an opinion be heretical and yet have no concern with the salvation of souls?” Although he did not believe in the astronomical theory of the Church, he believed that his scientific thoughts should not interfere with his religious beliefs.

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Many people fought over the point that the Sun is the center and this caused a conflict between the Church, Copernicus and Galileo. “The picture that Copernicus made showed the solar system, and showed the way the solar system actually looked.” (Document 1) The diagram made the church get angry because the church didn’t want to be wrong and decided to punish Copernicus and Galileo, who also agreed with Copernicus. The church was a powerful authority and if proven wrong people would start to not believe the Pope’s words and would go against the church.

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After Galileo came out with his opinions on science and different ideas the church made him denounce his opinions Pope Paul VIII was the first person to second guest galileo and call for the inquisition. Galileo also refined the design of the telescope which developed a tool that could magnify eight times and caused controversy among science and the church. After having Galileo denounce his finding the church became more opposed to science due to

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Copernicus’ previous statement is continued with, “...although I know that the meditations of a philosopher are far removed from the judgement of the laity, because his endeavor is to seek out the truth in all things, so far as this is permitted by God to the human reason I still believe that one must avoid theories altogether foreign to orthodoxy.” (Doc 6.) Copernicus did not need validation from the Church for his ideas. He knew his scientific ideas could be proved without religion endorsing them. Another rationalist thinker, Francesco Petrarch, felt as if he should form opinions after looking at things rationally and from different perspectives.

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The rise of Philosophy led to the decline of the church’s influence on the people, which led to a decline of faith and the church labelling philosophers as heretics. The Catholic church was prepared to do anything to crush these heretics in order to preserve the Catholic faith. Also, the inquisition extremely active during this time period, for hundreds of thousands of heretics were killed and/or burned at the stake. Following the advancements in the sciences, Astronomers such as Copernicus discussed new ideas that went against the holy scripture, which were later adopted and improved by Galileo, therefore marking him as a target of the Inquisition. At first Astronomy was accepted by catholics, including the Pope himself, however, following the ideas of Copernicus Christians were quick to label these ideas as acts of heresy for going against the holy scripture.

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He realized that, while science and religion may be able to agree, the Church did not agree with science, and instead sided with a literal interpretation of the Bible. After he expressed his opinions, Galileo was forced to denounce them in an inquisition (EBD). The church believed Galileo to be going against faith, and put him on trial under threat of torture. This reaction to Galileo’s suggestions proves that the Church would not acknowledge the importance and truth to science, instead favoring their traditional view of the world.

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Galileo’s theories portrayed a heliocentric solar system while the Catholic Church had said it was geocentric; as a result, Galileo’s works were put on the Index of Prohibited Books and he was later put under house arrest by the Inquisition. A letter from an Italian monk in Document 3 depicts how religious figures would try to convince him to retract his discovery of the moon having craters in order to avoid confusion and contradiction of the Bible, which portrays how religious figures hindered the progress of the Scientific Revolution because these new ideas challenged the Bible and their old

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Galileo made many discoveries in his lifetime. One of the many things Galileo discovered was that the moon is not soft and smooth. In fact the moon has craters and valleys like Earth. He also found out that the heliocentric theory is true. When he was looking into the night sky he saw Venus and saw that it has phases just like the moon.

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Autumn Stern Galileo Trial Summary + Copernicus Write Up In the early 17th century, there was no doubt that the Catholic church held extreme power throughout Europe. They also held to the geocentric theory (all planets, heavenly bodies and the sun revolving around the earth) put forth by Ptolemy and Aristotle because of how neatly it could fit into the current teachings. Unlike this theory, however, Galileo enforced Copernicus’ heliocentric theory with inductive reasoning rather than deductive. Galileo made observations about the moons of Jupiter and their orbit around Jupiter, which he likened to a smaller version of their solar system.

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Nicholas Copernicus was an “astronomer, a mathematician, a church jurist with a doctorate in law, a physician, a translator, an artists, a Catholic cleric, a governor, a diplomat, and an economist” (p.4) .Copernicus completed a detailed astronomical manuscript he has been working on for 16 years. He didn't want to “publish it for fear of ensuing controversy” and “out of hope for more data”(p.5). He believed that the solar system revolved around the sun. He challenged the Geocentric view by creating the Heliocentric view. Copernicus was born February 19, 1473.

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Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory which claimed that the earth revolved around the sun. This immediately challenged the authorities who believed the opposite. Galileo furthered Copernicus’ argument and promoted that the Bible, that God

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The main challenge faced was from the Roman Catholic Church, which around the time of the discovery was an extremely powerful organization that considered the theory to be unorthodox. This could have impacted on why Copernicus didn’t publish the theory until he was dying. The Roman Catholic Church did everything in its power to overpower the heliocentric theory, this involved arresting those who promoted the theory including Galileo who was arrested for the remaining eight years of his life. The progress and acceptance of the heliocentric model was slow but after a while overwhelming evidence in favour of the theory saw the heliocentric model replace the geocentric model of the solar

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