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Generalized Anxiety Disorders: A Literature Review

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Literature Review Introduction Coping cat program had been shown to be better at reducing symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents compared to control group in randomized controlled trials (Kindle, 2006a; Lenz, 2016; Podell et al., 2010). Numerous studies had examined individual, family, and group coping cat with positive results. Although this sounds favorable, a recent review of clinical trials of coping cat program for children and adolescence anxiety disorders had provided mixed news for child and adolescence anxiety treatment outcome researchers. The last two decades had brought massive progress in the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescence. There was strong evidence to support the use of cognitive-behavioral …show more content…

GAD was common and highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders. The research suggested that the etiology of GAD might be biological and environmental factors (Higa-McMillan, Francis, & Chorpita, 2014). According to research's that concerned of GAD among children and adolescents found that if GAD left untreated, the disorder could be chronic and predictive of adulthood anxiety and depression (Reuschel, 2011). Evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents with anxiety disorder involve cognitive and behavioral (CBT) and pharmacological interventions. Recent psychosocial interventions have tailored CBT to specifically target worry (Reuschel, …show more content…

Another review of randomized trials that conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of coping cat on children with different types of anxiety disorders found that there was significant decrease in anxiety level over time compared with anxiety level of children in control group (Starrenburg et al., 2013). Podellet and hers colleague found that the desired outcomes from applied coping cat are not universal and the findings are significant and this treatment had been empirically supported. In addition they showed that between 50% and 72% of children with anxiety disorders like general anxiety disorder, social phobia and / or separation anxiety disorder who receive coping cat program no longer meet criteria for their presenting anxiety disorder following treatment (Podellet al.,

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In present times, we have been struck with the overwhelming epidemic of anxiety and depression. It has begun to be realized as an issue all over the United States and thousands of Americans are suffering from the disorders everyday. Although it takes on a harsh tone, out of the three satires chosen, “Panic Attacking Your Way to a Better Sleep” by Matt Ott is the most effective satirical piece because of the use of enumeratio, rhetorical questions, and apophasis, its paradoxical structure, and it’s ironic analysis. Anxiety disorders are the most common illness in the United States. These disorders were first recognized in the 1980’s as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association.

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Spence and Shortt (2007) assert that universal interventions to prevent depression in children and adolescents, specifically those without more specialized intervention components are ineffective because of their short-term nature and lack of in-depth intervention. In their meta-analysis, Werner-Seider et al. (2017) found that universal depression prevention programs had smaller effect sizes 12-months post-test than more targeted interventions. There was no significant difference in effect sizes in anxiety prevention studies. However, Pössel, Horn, Groen, and Hautzinger (2004) assert that universal depression prevention programs may not show strong effect sizes because of the nature of depressive symptomology.

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Specifically, youths produced significant changes on subscales measuring conduct problems, inattention/hyperactivity, somatic complaints, high-risk behaviors, and interpersonal relationships (Weiner, Schneider, & Lyons, 2009). Encouraging results were also found in an EBP Pilot Program conducted by the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services in conjunction with The Mental Health Services and Policy Program at Northwestern University. The study found that adolescents in foster care receiving SPARCS were half as likely to run away, and one-fourth less likely to experience placement interruptions compared to a standard of care group. Youths displayed significant improvements in intrapersonal distress, somatic symptoms, interpersonal relations, social problems, and behavioral dysfunction in Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ) scores. In the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index score, adolescents showed a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms such as re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-arousal post intervention (Northwestern University,

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This disorder is diagnosed by a medical professional. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is noticeable yet not noticeable. The symptoms are common difficulties found in young children all the way up to adults. Children, teenagers and adults are often found panicking over a situation or not being able to concentrate in school or work. Now a days, teeangers are expected to do and know things so much more earlier than before, leading to anxiety as said, “ their anxieties and worries are often associated with the quality of performance or competence at school or sporting events” (“Generalized Anxiety Disorder” np).

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Vecchio reports that data demonstrates an equal efficacy amongst ethnicities. The author continues to discuss risk factors such as victims of bullying that have shown significant improvement in symptoms with CBT or IPT. These findings will be helpful in assessing the available treatments and their effectiveness. Zenlea, I. S., Milliren, C. E., Mednick, L., & Rhodes, E. T. (2014). Depression screening in adolescents in the united states: A national study of ambulatory office-based practice.

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