It is sometimes said that deduction is the process of reasoning from general rules to other general rules or reasoning from general rules to particular cases and that induction is the process of building a general rule from many particular cases. Explain.
Deductive reasoning is a process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally presumed to be true. It draws specific conclusions from general principles or premises. A premise is a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.Conclussions from deductive reasoning are true provided that the premises are true.Scientists apply deductive reasoning when apply them to specific situations.
An example in
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“Be careful of that wasp-it might sting you.”The parent says this because he knows that wasps have stingers and might sting his child.
Using deductive reasoning is usually a credible form of reasoning,but is based on the assumed truth of the law from which it is founded.It assumes that the basic law from which you are arguing is applicable in all cases.This can let you take a rule and apply it perhaps where it was not meant to be applied.A deduction is a subset of a rule that is taken from the start point.If the rule is true and the deduction is a true subset,then the deduction is almost certainly true.
The validity and soundness of deductive conclusions:Deductive conclusions can be valid or invalid.Valid arguments obey the initial rule.For validity,the truth or falsehood of the initial rule is not considered.Thus valid conclusions need not be true and invalid conclusions need not be false.When a conclusion is is valid and true,then it is sound.If it is valid and untrue,then it is considered to be sound.
INDUCTIVE