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Describe The Process Of Rna

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“The process is the making of a recyclable, workable copy of DNA, but in the form of RNA.” DNA has 4 nucleotides. (Nucleotide is linked to a phosphate group) Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. Adenine goes with thymine (A=T) and Cytosine goes with Guanine (C=G). The nucleotide bases are the genetic code (DNA and RNA molecules that carry information in the cells.) mRNA is made by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. It message will go down to the ribosomes for the making of proteins. The RNA nucleotides use the ribosomes instead of Deoxyribose (sugar obtained from ribose by taking a place in a hydroxyl group with H) so they can have 5 carbon sugars. In the RNA uracil replaces thymine (uracil is one of the nuleic acids in RNA). Chargaff’s rule …show more content…

You have to have a 5 protective cap and a 3 modification for the mRNA molecule. After that a poly A tail is added and what that does is it protects things against the digestive enzymes that wonders around in the cytoplasm. Also there are things being breaking down in the cell but they are also being built to.
Lastly you have the process of medication of the mRNA what happens is that the non-coding introns are removed by these scissor type things called Spliceosomes. Spliceosomes are enzymes that cut out things. After that the coding extrons are then rearranged. This allows different sequences of exons. Then the Spliceosomes put the pieces back together the makes it final and is ready to be transported for the ribosomes. Then the translation for proteins.
Now this is the fun part this is where we finally get to make proteins yay. This occurs in the ribosomes. This turns the mRNA into the primary sequence into amino acids for the making of those proteins. Making all these proteins need help so that’s where the tRNA comes in. It transfer the amino acid to the place where the ribosomes …show more content…

But they are different in the initiation process the small sub unit (it’s the thing that sends signal to the large sub unit) the production of a protein start when the start codon brings forth the tRNA with the methionine. The large sub unit is in place where the methionine can be in the p site (that’s where the protein is attached) in the elongation stage this is where the codons start going down one at a time to the mRNA
Then once again you have the termination stage. This happens when the codons get to the A site (the tRNA molecule are added to the process) then a release factor goes into the A site and what happens next is called a hydrolysis reaction (“Chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance.”) it releases the protein from the last tRNA. After the water is added to the substance the proteins gets off and the units are separated to be reused.
The mRNA can be reused to make more proteins. It can be broken down to be functional. So the protein is made and now it’s the post translation modification phase. The protein enters the Chaperonin (“A protein that aids the assembly and folding of other proteins molecules in living cells.”) then the protein will stay in here and wait til it enters he RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and then the cell will be done gone out of the cell

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REFERENCES • Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N. (1987) Single Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate-Phenol-Chloroform Extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162, 156-159 • Donald C. Rio, Manuel Ares Jr, Gregory J. Hannon, and Timothy W. Nilsen(2010)

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