Determinant Of Health

l examine individual and public health issues within the Gipton and Harehills ward, in the inner east of Leeds city area as part of the Yorkshire and Humber region of England (Lewis et al, 2008). It will further discuss issues pertaining to the social determinants of health, health inequalities and dimensions of health concerning patterns of health, illness, disability and mental health that affect people in the ward. It will also explain the ward and its facilities as well as the features of the population groups, the life expectancy of the people in the ward will be analysed and the causes of diseases, illnesses and death ascertain. Again the diverse ethnic nature and the impact of communication between neighbours and health educational services

Callaghan (2015) highlighted that asylum seekers are mainly known as a group of people who has complex health and social care needs in the ward. This could be linked to lack of deprive healthy lifestyle information or understanding due to higher level of non English speaking population in the ward. Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) highlighted those most influencing factors on people’s health can be classed into physical, behavioural factors, biological, social and environment. For example life style choices such as smoking can be avoided whiles biological factors such as cancer is past people’s control. In addition Liz (2015), found that 71% of the people in the ward suffer poor health such as respiratory and diabetes whiles 46% are affected by mental health illness compared to overall Leeds 12%. However McManus et al (2009) suggested that it is essential to think about mental health and it function before tackling inequalities across the nation. Wilkinson and Pickett (2007) noted that people with higher income are likely to have low death rates than those with lower

The Census (2011) indicated that only 5.2% of the people living in the ward have managerial jobs and 21.3% doing unskilled jobs whiles 41% of the population in the ward did not have the ability in speaking English as their first language compared to Leeds 92.9 %. Due to this impact on their suitability in securing basic jobs, therefore this has lead to the highest amount of individuals in the ward applying for unemployment benefits as their only means of survivor (DCPR, 2000). Maier et al., (2006) review shows that unemployment has a major influence on health behaviours which bring fort encouragement of smoking, alcohol consumption, crime, and drug addiction. Davidson (2015) highlighted that the kind of employment a person has depends on their literacy level. In comparison 36.9% of the people in the ward have no qualification compared to 23.2% in Leeds, which is a lot below Leeds and national level. (Census, 2011). Therefore Graham (2009) suggested that to reduce health inequalities there is the need to put policies that allow people who might have poorer health to live in more well-off areas.

WHO (2008) also stated that to recognize why inequalities continue to exist , we need to identify health beliefs, determinants and dimensions of health which affect individual whether they consider themselves to be healthy or