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Diagnostic Criteria Of Autism

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A push, a slap, a tear; the human life begins, at least for most individuals where great uncertainty surrounds the future as the risk of being diagnosed with some sort of disorders early in development exists. Chief among such disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders which include intellectual disability, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific learning disorder, motor disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders (DSM-5, 2013). Neurodevelopmental disorders is manifested before children begin grade school and is characterized by developmental deficits producing impairments in such areas of functioning of social, personal, academic or occupational (DSM-5, 2013). Autism spectrum disorders or autism are “severe developmental disorders characterized by abnormalities in social functioning, language and communication, and unusual behaviors and interest” (Mash & Wolfe, 2010, p. 300). These disorders include pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) such as Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s disorder and Pervasive Development Disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). The DSM-5 (2013) specifies diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder with having five criteria A, B, C, D, and E. Criteria A refers to …show more content…

With frequent reminders about the importance of taking other person’s feelings into consideration, empathy is usually improved nonetheless. Physical contact on the other hand, very seldom occurs with individuals with autism as they fear being touched or cuddled by others but will do so with family members at times where contact needs to be anticipated usually through repeated practice. These individuals also display self stimulatory behaviors considered stereotypical and repetitive body or object movements which serves to “excite their nervous system” (Mash & Wolfe, 2010, p.

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Children with autism may have the following social and communication skills and common behaviors”

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A psychiatrist diagnoses Autism using criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 though observation of the child in an examining room and recording observations made by the parents. Clinicians may also ask parents and teachers to complete behavior checklists such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised after observing the child’s behavior at home and in the classroom (Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen, 2015, pp. 216). Clinicians look for signs in social, communication and behavioral differences. Some social differences are that a child with Autism would have little or no eye contact and do not read social cues. They do not respond to a parent’s smile or other facial expressions and often have inappropriate facial expressions.

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These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay [1]. Furthermore, not until in 1943, when Leo Kanner published his paper ‘Autistic Disturbance of Affective Contact’ were people identified and recognised with a similar definition of what we consider autism to be today [2]. However, for many years Autism Spectrum Disorder was included under the umbrella term of schizophrenia and beforehand they were classified as simply having mental retardation [3]. Consequently, throughout

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“Autism Spectrum Disorder is the diagnostic category that includes autism, Aspergers disorder, and PDD-NOS” (Schall and McDonough 82). PDD-NOS stands for ‘Pervasive Development Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.’ People with PDD-NOS show symptoms of both autism and Asperger’s syndrome, thus their own subgroup under the autism spectrum. They are considered on the spectrum as unclassified.

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Human beings with autism have said that the world, to them, appears to be a mass of events, people and places which they contend to make sense of, and which can cause them considerable anxiety. To be specific relating and understanding to other people, and taking part in everyday social life and family may be a bit challenging for them. Other people appear to know, intuitively, how to communicate and interact with each other, and some people with autism may wonder why they are different. People with autism have challenges with both non-verbal and verbal language. Many of them have a literal understanding of language, and think people always mean exactly what they say.

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Katherine Lord. Dr. Lord is a Professor of Psychology at Weill Cornell Medical College, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Director of the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain. Her dedication and countless contributions to the field have substantiated her as an international expert in the diagnosis, social and communication development and intervention in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). She is renowned for her work in longitudinal studies of children with autism as well as for her role in developing the autism diagnostic instruments used in both practice and in research worldwide today. We are delighted to have her here today to dissertate her longitudinal study “What can we Learn About Appropriate Services in Children with ASD from our Longitudinal Study From 2-22”.

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AUTISM Autism is a developmental disability involving a mental condition that presents itself during the first three years of a person's life. It is characterized by complication in communicating and forming relationships with other people and using language and abstract concepts. Experts believe that the condition is the result of a neurological disorder that affects normal brain function, affecting development of the person's communication and social interaction skills. Each individual with autism is unique as this disorder is quite complex.

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In the video, “ Autism Everyday ”, parents give personal testimonies of the difficulties and challenges to raising a child with autism. Autism can be best described as a spectrum disorder. Meaning, the individual has a severe developmental disorder that inhibits his or her ability to interrelate fully and converse with other individuals. Parents of autistic children become lifelong advocates and caregivers to his or her child throughout their life. Children with autism do not have the ability to communicate effectively with one another, which presents a rather challenging task in terms of expressing his or herself.

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According to Nationwide Children's, America's Second Largest Pediatric Hospital with more than 1.5 million yearly patient visits. Where 68 facilities extend out across Ohio and beyond. “Asperger’s Syndrome, a form of Autism Spectrum Disorder, is a developmental disorder. Young people with Asperger’s Syndrome have difficulty relating to others socially, their behavior and thinking patterns can be rigid, and repetitive. Also, it includes not understanding other people’s feelings or perspectives, clumsy, uncoordinated movements, becoming upset at any small changes in routines, and an intense obsession with one or two specific, narrow subjects.”

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Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences. Children on the spectrum do not always receive the same opportunities and treatment as children not on the spectrum since not everyone understands their condition fully. ASD defines them as a person and makes them different from everyone else, which it should not; people with ASD are human too. Therefore, ASD children should not be discriminated against by violating their human rights because of the lack of knowledge others have about the condition. Children diagnosed with ASD receive different treatment because of their condition.

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Autism is a lifelong brain disorder that messes with the development of the brain and make it harder for a person to communicate and interact with others. Some other symptoms to autism is repetitive behaviors. Since Autism is a spectrum disorder people diagnosed will have similar problems, but their condition will affect them in different ways. It is also a spectrum disorder because not every child has the same problems. One child can

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Name: Lonnie Young III Topic: Autism General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose:

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Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder, is an inherited neurological and developmental disorder, caused by both environmental, biological and genetic causes. There are many different types of ASD, with a wide variety of symptoms, each patient having their own unique strengths and weaknesses. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates autism’s prevalence as 1 in 68 children in the U.S., 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls. Boys are more likely to develop Autism than girls are. One third of people with ASD have intellectual disability and 1/3 of people are nonverbal.

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Autism is a disorder in the nerves that makes the human brain socially inactive, and in order to understand it, several main aspects must be considered. Although autism

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Social interaction problems arise when persons with autism find it very difficult to mingle. Problems associated with interaction include finding it difficult to establish and maintain friendship, lack of interest in people, withdrawing oneself from other people, not paying attention in anything, being distant, and difficulty in expressing one’s feelings and emotions. Social imagination is being able to understand a person’s behavior, thoughts, feelings, and a person’s creativity. People with autism find it hard in imagination due to problem such as general imagination difficulty, trouble in comprehension of future events, challenge in shifting to new and unfamiliar situations, and finding it difficult to understand other person’s feelings, actions, and thoughts. Autism in the Inclusive Classroom Inclusive classroom entails bringing of students with and without disabilities together in school to access education in a general class.

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