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Essay for how to improve long-term memory
The importance of short term memory
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Essay for how to improve long-term memory
The importance of short term memory
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At the time the physician removed parts of his hippocampus as a way to stop his seizures. HM seizures went away, but he could not form any new memories. However, one form of memory left intact in both HM and Leonard is the ability to learn skills. This ability is known as procedural memory, a memory that is shown by performance rather than by conscious recollection (Kalat, 1998), it allows us to learn how to do things such as ride a bike or play an instrument. The areas of the brain outside of the hippocampus are involved in procedural memory, which is why an injury that results in anterograde amnesia doesn't affect procedural memory.
There is Declarative or Sematic Memory is the things that you know without a doubt and can describe it and use facts and talk about it for as long as you need. For example, I could tell you everything you need to know about how to make an
They are called, Long term memory and Short term memory/working memory. With Long term memory, you are able to remember things from your past and past events as well as key terms that you may have learned in the past. An example of this in my life would be, remembering knowledge that I first learned in school and still being able to remember it, such as my multiplication table. The second one, Short term memory/working memory would be used when you are only remembering some information and using it for a short time frame. Working memory would be when you are using both short term and long term to do sudden actions.
Henry had severe seizures growing up and later had his hippocampus removed. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that helps store long-term memories. After the procedure, Henry could not retain any new memories due to the procedure. However, he could recognize his mother’s face, which means he was able to recall his long-term memory. Given this information, it was believed that the hippocampus played a role in creating new memories.
Biological basis of declarative memory can be studied using case studies of brain damaged people. Case study of Henry Molaison (H.M) was troubled by epilepsy. As an attempt to cure the epileptic seizures, doctors operated his hippocampus as it was the region responsible for seizures. But the doctors had a little understanding about the overall functions of the hippocampus. Though the operation was a success on one level seizures were controllable.
Nevertheless, if that information is rehearsed, it could potentially be entered into the long term memory. Long term memory on the other hand, is the permanent memory system which has an unlimited capacity. However, it takes longer
When discussing memory the hippocampus is one of the most important aspects of the brain to consider. According to the Oxford dictionaries, the hippocampus is defined as, “the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.” This piece of the brain is one that has been extensively researched in the past, but still presents neuroscience researchers with many unanswered questions. It is now widely accepted that the hippocampus is considered to “be essential for a specific kind of memory, known as declarative memory” ( Squire 1992). The declarative memory is defined by Dr. Squire as the explicit and relational aspects of memory and is not defined as the implicit memories that a person has.
The theory believes that elaborative rehearsal, or deep processing, improves long term memory. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that deep level of processing led to longer lasting memory while
They are inclined to be more detailed, vivid, accurate, easier to remember, longer lasting, and consistent. Whereas, in opposition, as per a number of researchers, normal memories are unreliable, distorted and malleable. Support for this claim,
This is what other researchers have thought of too, and therefore a conclusion was made that additional processes have been taking place as well. Another strength is that there is neuropsychological evidence for this model as a patient, HM (Milner, 1966) underwent surgery which impaired his hippocampus and in turn affected his long-term memory as it no longer functioned properly, whereas his short-term memory was rather functional. Due to this we can conclude that these two processes are involved in the process of memory, as one of the stores was affected when the brain was damaged but the other was not (Baddeley, 2009).
Research studies in the past has concluded that women have greater episodic memory than me. Episodic memory is autobiographical events and are unique to each person. Women showed more vivid and more emotional than men. In early development women produce more detailed narratives and more memories of childhood events. Women of old age are able to produce more details of past events.
Short-term memory has modalities that give some insight to the functions and systems providing us understanding of the process. Long-term memory also holds truths to the systems and processes allowing one to keep and hold wanted/unwanted memories. Working memory however is vital to both of these functions and without
The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.
If information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.
It involves conscious effort to recall and can be either be episodic or semantic. The other is procedural memory. It is usually the natural response to the surroundings, such as how to ride a bicycle or play the instrument. This type of long term memory can be remembered without consciously think about it.