English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is anofficial language of almost 60 sovereign states, the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States,Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and a widely spoken language in countries in the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is the most widely learned second language and is an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations.
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England. Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of theprinting press to London and the King James Bible as well as the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries. Through all types of printed and electronic media, as well as the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and in professional
The Dying Out of The Texas German Dialect May Not Be The End for German Texans
Introduction
When German Texans read a headline, “Unique dialect, Texas German, taking last gasp,” alarms clang through their heads (Winkie, 2015). More than half of the 6,900 languages alive today are at risk of dying out by the end of the 21st century (Britannica). Is Texas German one of them? If so, how close is it to dying out? How do German Texans think and feel about the decline of their dialect?
The English language has been around for a number of years, but now it is taking the world by storm. In Dennis Baron 's article titled "Who Owns Global English," he discusses how English has taken root in different countries to the dismay of their Governments.
English has taken a new meaning in some countries that native speakers would call improper English. " Yes, we want" (Baron, 35) is the new battle cry of Madrid 's campaign on English. This may be bad English, but Baron is considering the possibility of it becoming a new form of English.
Anglo-Saxon period, from 5th century to 1066, became the “ancestor” of our modern literature. There is a big difference from then and now including our language and culture.
First is the difference between their language and the language now which is modern English. Anglo-Saxon language is the oldest known form of English language and is also called as Old English. Even though it is referred as old English, their language is far different from modern English and is closer to modern German.
I have learned if there is an opportunity for a greater contribution in life, go for it. I am interested in pursuing a place in English 1102 due to my work ethics and my interests in analytical and argumentative writing. In my past three years of high school, I would only take the high level classes in order to challenge myself, but I never knew the true meaning of being in an honors class until I started attending East Mountain. My incentive to be in multiple honor classes started my freshman year. When I started attending East Mountain I experienced an immense amount of reading assignments compared to a regular class, but it didn’t stop me from doing my best.
Patrick Geary starts his innovative study with, “The Germanic World was perhaps the greatest and most enduring creation of Roman political and military genius” (Geary, 1988, vi). Clovis, King of the Franks, constructed this Germanic World with distinct Roman influence. Throughout his study, Geary argues that Clovis is a complex mixture of both Frankish and Roman traditions. This mixture would lead to the foundation of a powerful Germanic dynasty, the ultimate creation of France, and a western civilization still recognized in the modern world. Clovis, a Barbarian referred to as “Augustus” syncretized these Germanic and Roman worlds by maintaining his Germans roots while fashioning his rule off Roman traditions.
The island known today as Great Britain has always been in some way conquered by others, and there was always a complete debate over who would be in control. The indigenous people were first pushed by the Romans, then secondly by the Anglo-Saxons, who were the first to have the great power to push Great Britain into what we know it as today. The Anglo-Saxons, beginning with brothers Henigst and Horsa, held the most power over the islands and were the most successful.
It is true Romans held some sort of power over the province they called “Britannia” (History 320 Lecture, 8/26). Julius Caesar was the first to arrive, but failed to conquer the lands completely.
In the writing, Jake Jamieson introduced and explained an argument about English using for immigrants. In first paragraph, the author introduced that the melting pot system is not working truly. Many people think the U.S. is famous for melting pot because of many immigrants. These people view the melting pot as a pot which contains many melted cultures and living styles inside. But he argues that these people lose their culture by adapting to new culture and only thing left is discrimination.
Because the Roman Empire extended all the way to England, the Romans had a lot to do with it. The Romans brought their language with them, called Latin, and the early Germanic tribes that would soon give rise to English used Latin to trade with the Romans, according to dicconary.com. "About 80 percent of the entries in any English dictionary are borrowed, mainly from Latin." "Over 60 percent of all English words have Greek or Latin roots. " The Romans didn't just influence English.
Therefore, we can deduce that the first language that was tried to speak in America was not English, but Spanish.
The diffusion of English, started from the 1600, when the British colonists established their settlement in the New World.
Since this contact between English and Native language, there have been several loans on both sides.
The people we know as the Anglo-Saxons were indeed from northern Germany and southern Scandinavia. They were the people that embarked for Britain as well as other individuals. “Bede names three of these tribes: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes” ( qtd.in Mason).The numerous invaders was massive, and they surely did affect the nature of British society, even to a certain length of exchanging their original language, but not erasing the residents. The Anglo-Saxons cemetery with no products may have belonged to Britons living adjacent to the Anglo-Saxons, and the shortage of goods signified the various practices of the Britons ( Anglo-Saxon).
Research Proposal
The Pan- Germanism idea, which was created in the beginning century as national idea of unification of Germany, was being split apart into different parts. Rise of nationalism after Napoleonic Wars was common in Europe after French revolution.
Nationalism and idea of the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race were central figures in A. Hitler led third Reich. Also historians agree that ideas of Pan-Germanism were key factors, influencing German Expansionist politics.
The beginning of the Middle English period and the end of Old English begins in 1066 with the Norman Conquest of England. The Normans were descendants of the Vikings who established themselves in Northern France in the 8th Century, they were known has the
Standardization of the English Language
English was not the original indigenous language of Britain. The first arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain, the inhabitants of the country spoke Celtic languages. Yet English shows few dialects brought by the Germanic invaders. Nor was the subsequent growth of English within Britain a smooth or inevitable trajectory. After the Norman invasion, English was not the first language of the ruling classes.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OLD ENGLISH:
Old English was spoken by the people of the Angles, Saxon and Jutes. The period of this language was from 400 AD to 1100 AD. It is completely not understandable by the English people of modern era. The main basic characteristics of Old English are as follows:
PRONUNCIATION:
The main characteristic of Old English language is its pronunciation which is completely different from the pronunciation of modern English.
