Enzymes are giant molecular biological catalyst.They are responsible for thousands of metabolic processes that systain life.Enzymes are highly selective greatly accelerating both the rate and specificity of of metabolic reactions from the digestion of food to the synthesis of DNA..Most enzymes are proteins.They possesses a three-dimensional structure. Enzymes act by converting a starting molecule called as substrate into different molecules called as products.Almost all chemical rection in an biological cell need enzymes. The basic mechanism by which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions begin with the binding of a substrate to the active site on the enzymes.The active site is the specific region of the enzyme which allows substarte to combines …show more content…
e.g isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme acts on isocitrate by oxidation followed by decarboylation Isocitrate is converting into alpha-ketoglutarate with the help of isocitrate dehydrogenase. FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTION 1.Effect of nzyme concentration The rate of enzyme is directly propotional to the concentration of enzyme provided that the condition of the reaction remains constant and sufficient substrate is supplied. 2. Effect of substrate concentration The rateof reaction increases as the substrate concentration incteases until a certain point (Vmax) at which the reaction attains maximal velocity. Any Increase in substrate concentration after this point cause further increase in the rate of reaction because at Vmax enzyme moleclues are completed saturated with substrate molecules. 3.Effect of temperature At very low temperature enzymes are inactive.Enzymes activity increase gradually with the rse in temperature until a temperature at which the enzyme attains its maximal activity this temperature is called optimum temperature which lies between 37-40 c in humans. 4.Effect of pH Each enzyme has an optimum pH which it attains its maximal activity