Enzymes: A Single-Stranded Binding Protein

DNA replication is the process in which DNA duplicates itself in order to give the exact copies to the daughter cells. Enzymes play a pivotal role in the replication of DNA. One of the important enzymes is the DNA polymerase which provides nucleotides to the increasing chain. DNA helicase is another enzyme that is required for this process its role is to attach to the DNA strand in order to unwind it to two separate strands. The DNA single-stranded binding proteins is a type of protein that binds to the as a tetramer and makes the strand stable. DNA gyrase is an enzyme that catalyzes formations of negative supercoils that assist with the separation of the strands. Primase provides the need for a free 3’ hydroxyl group by being synthesized in the initiation sites. DNA ligase gets rid of any nicks by forming a covalent phosphodiester linkage form the 3’-hydroxyl and 5’-phosphate. Eukaryotes have longer chromosomes than prokaryotes and are linear rather than circular this is the reasons why the eukaryotic DNA replication have multiple origins scattered. The new strands formed

One of these mutations is called a loss-of-function mutation which its outcome is either the loss of expression of the gene or the creation of a protein or RNA that do not function. An example of this mutation is sickle cell anemia is a mutation of the hemoglobin that causes the blood to change shape and to not be able to carry oxygen normally. A second mutation of the genome is called conditional mutation which causes a phenotype to change under certain conditions. An example of this can be observed in rabbits the C gene expresses the enzyme tyrosinase, is involved in the manufacturing of pigment.Some rabbits carry the mutant allele cH which create a tyrosinase that denatures when exposed to cold temperatures. This is the reason why in some animals their extremities are a darker