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Erikson's Theory Of Biologically Based Maturation And The Demands Of Life

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My Development Erik Erikson proposed a theory of “how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 334). This theory has eight stages that are loosely based on age. Every person goes through each stage and the struggles of one stage better prepare the person for the next stage in life. In each stage, there are certain ‘psychic demands’ placed on an individual that Erikson called crises (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 334). Each stage effects the next like a domino effect. In Erikson’s theory, it is important to try to resolve each stage as you go through life.
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Stage 1: Basic Trust …show more content…

This stage is defined by the event of romantic (love) relationships and it occurs during young adulthood. This period is about a person’s ability to have intimacy and close relationships with other people. Intimacy is defined by Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2016), as “the ability to share with and give to another person without being afraid of sacrificing one’s own identity” (p. 336). People who have a hard time obtaining intimate relationships likely have not resolved the crisis of other stages of development (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 336). These people become isolated, because of their lack of deep connections and intimacy. But If you have those intimate relationships you are likely to feel loved and supported through …show more content…

This occurs in mature adulthood with the major event being parenting and creating. At this stage in life, adults become concerned with the future generations. People in this stage feel the need to leave behind a better world for the next generation of people. They are concerned with helping, producing for, or guiding the next generation after them (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 336). When someone fails to achieve generativity, or selflessness, the result is a person who only cares about himself, his own physical wellbeing, and material possessions; the result is stagnation (Glines, Dizon, Obias, Vendivel Jr., & Uriarte, 1998, p.

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A German psychoanalyst known as Erik Erikson examined three aspects of identity such as the ego, personal, and cultural identity. Erikson also establishes stages of development theory across the lifespan and the psychosocial approach. At each stage of development, there is a representation of a psychological obstacle known as the psychosocial crisis, in which an obstacle can be accomplished or denied for individuals. As the individual is conflicted with a task, it contributes to a major aspect of their personality. However, Newman and Newman added three extra stages to the developmental theory.

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According to Shaffer (2009), Erikson believed that human beings face eight major crises, or conflicts, during the course of their lives. Each conflict has its own time for emerging, as dictated by both biological maturation and the social demands that developing people experience at particular points in life (p.42). Every age someone deals with tells a story in their lifetime. There are eight stages in the Erikson’s stages.

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​ ​​​​​Grief: Ages and Stages ​Erik Erikson’s developmental theory is the basis for stages of development within academic psychology. Erikson established eight stages of development, ranging from infancy to old age. The most peculiar one, and likely due to my current age, is young adulthood. This stage, according to Erickson, lies after the adolescence stage and before the adulthood stage. Within this young adulthood stage, intimate relationships are highly plausible and often times end in marriage to a partner, aiming both individuals towards full adulthood.

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1. Using Erikson’s psychosocial theory, explain the importance of developing different types of relationships in early adulthood. The sixth stage of Erickson’s theory is based on intimacy versus isolation. In the sixth stage, a person should be able to form intimate relationships that are not just sexual, but close friendships that allow open and honest attachments (Berk, 2014).

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His model of ‘eight stages of psychosocial development’ explains that the human development process is influenced by the society, culture, personal circumstances, relationships and environment. He considers that identity, emotions, thoughts and personalities are formed through the associations between the individuals, the society and the circumstances in which they live in. He speaks about the development challenges and conflicts individuals have to tackle in the stages of their lives (Crawford and walker: 2007). The ability to deal with these challenges and conflicts can be the source of gaining vital expertise, skills and strength for the next stages. Although successful conclusion of each stage is not entirely critical, failure can be detrimental to the development of the personality, character and self- regard and, may possibly bring about developmental stagnation, whereas assistance and support can help to overcome this obstacle (Trevithick: 2012).

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Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.

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Erik Erikson studied psychological growth from infancy through old age. With that, we are able to instruct and teach each level of education from preschool. It portrays how people develop psychologically through understanding and handling everyday experiences. One of Erik Erikson’s stages is identity versus role confusion stage, which begins in adolescence. Adolescence is marked as a period of change, as the individual transitions from childhood to adulthood.

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After an examination of Erik Erikson and Daniel Levinson’s theories at first sight not much is alike, since the stages both differ, but digging deeper in Erikson's and Levinson’s theories have similar ideas in social development; after all, these two studies differ in the outcome. Erik erikson's theories have a greater underlining on child-adolescent development, he believes that early development of a child is the foundation and is the greatest impact on a person's identity and personality later on in life. Erikson presents the stages from childhood to adulthood, but in his theory the only significant development is during childhood, which is the problem, since an individual goes through life experiences throughout life they may have a great impact as an adult too. On the other hand Daniel Levinson’s theory signifies changes throughout all of life's experiences, from childhood to adulthood and continuing. Levinson’s theory believes that we adapt ad we let go of certain things as we move on in life and move from one stage to another.

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Erik Erikson’s stage of psychosocial cognition describes the eight stages of a developing human being and how they should go through their lifecycle. The individuality stage meets and then describes the challenges that an individual would experience. I will try to explain how Forrest Gump will relate to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development assumption. Forrest Gump perceive many motions as he developed throughout his life. We often coin these changes that Erikson mentions in this movie.

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The stage of development I am currently in is emerging adulthood, which is the focus of the eleventh chapter entitled “Adulthood: Emerging Adulthood” on pages 389 to 424 of the book. This stage of human development typically occurs during the ages of 18 to 25, and it is characterized by being a confusing time for the person in which they try to figure out where their place in the world is. The existence of emerging adulthood was fairly recently discovered as it appeared through changing concepts in western society. It was never a stage until a couple decades ago when western culture put an emphasis on values such as waiting longer for marriage and the necessity of going to college.

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As children are able to differentiate themselves from their parents they begin to recognize the difference between them and others. Also, between the ages of 17-22 there is a transitional period of about five years from pre adulthood to young adulthood. At this point, the affiliations with family begin to change as people begin to assert themselves in the adult world (Levinson, 1986, p. 5). Next, is the early adulthood stage that goes from 17-45. Levinson states, “It is the adult era of greatest energy

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Surrounding each stage was a different identity crisis that must be successfully resolved to ensure psychological equilibrium throughout their life. ("Mcleod, 2017"). Erikson’s eight stages can be compared to that of Sigmund Freud because both psychologists believed humans developed in stages that must be resolved throughout life, but Erikson’s beliefs mark the begging of a change in the field of psychology from two core beliefs held by Freud. Erikson’s theory is one of the first to mark a shirt away from the psychosexual theory of Freud by emphasizing the influence of social experiences throughout life and not just during childhood development. Freud also believe that development simply halts at the end of childhood and wherever one ends up at that time they will remain until the end of their life.

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The resolution of each crises results with a strength gained by the individual. The 8 stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair (Robbins, 2012, 214 - 216). I felt it would be pretty interesting to analyze myself in one of Erickson’s psychosocial stages of development. I decided to analyze myself in the first stage of Trust vs. Mistrust. I have a twin brother, Carlos Castellano, so you can imagine growing up was quite different for my brother and me.

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Erikson’s psychosocial stages Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development has 8 stages. Same like Freud Erikson also believed that crisis happen at each stage. According to Erikson these changes happen due to the philosophical needs of an individual struggle with the needs of the society. Therefore he named the stages as psychosocial crises.

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