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Essay On Southerners And The Southern States

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Southerners and the southern states challenged the main government in Washington between the years 1790 and 1835 with the Kentucky/ Virginia Resolves of 1798, the Missouri Crisis/ Compromise, and South Carolina’s Nullification of the Tariff of Abominations. The Southerners would not put up with such injustices such as the high tariffs and or free states coming to fruition. The North was getting fat with money from rising industry. The South had enough of the North taking advantage of them. The South was losing money and needed to put a hold on the country’s plans and the powerhouse the North was becoming. The Kentucky and or Virginia Resolves of 1798 were resolutions to the states gaining power over the national government. They acted against the Alien and Sedition Acts, calling them unconstitutional. They argued …show more content…

South Carolina petitioned to leave the Union. But their wish was not fulfilled. Most of the United States was going through a substantial economic upheaval. The South’s economy was stagnating. A protective tariff was enacted in order to further the economic interests in the Mid-Atlantic and New England. The South was affected because they depended on Northern goods. Southern residents thought that they were being treated unjustly. The Southerners formed a resistance to President Andrew Jackson and the Tariff of 1828. South Carolina took the mantle in nullifying the Tariff of Abominations. Calhoun took the stance that states are sovereign and could exercise a veto against unconstitutional actions of the national government. South Carolina announced an “Ordinance of Nullification,” that proclaimed that the state of South Carolina would secede if the federal government attempted to pressure the state. Calhoun said that the tariff was an unconstitutional federal policy that was not in accordance with the

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In order to calm things down, they made the Force Bill which forced them to pay the taxes. If they did not, then President Jackson had the right to harshly make South Carolina do it, by using the army. Jackson did not agree in letting a state nullify Federal

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We cannot say that this decision was bad or unfair for both camps either. 1830 was the year when a Protective Tariff was enacted that wanted to protect Northern products by making British products high in price. Once it was enacted, it became a number one sectional issue for the South. They had financial interest with Britain and threatened to leave the Union. This was resolved by gradually decreasing this Tariff every year until well into the 1840s, but it created a situation that had been remembered for years to come and might have contributed to the secession in 1861.

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The British lowered prices on British products, to lower on American production goods. This resulted in the Northern Industry losing out on the Southern Market. The Northerners went to Washington and legislating protective tariffs challenged British cheap imports. Succession from the nation was the only way the Southerners would’ve took. The South was gearing up for strength, for the battle of independence.

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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 were Democratic and Republican responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts passed earlier that same year by a Federalist Congress. Drafted in secret by future presidents: Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the resolutions stated the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and claimed that because these acts overstepped federal authority under the Constitution, they were worthless. The resolutions have a complicated history. They were an early defense of the Constitution’s protection of civil rights, especially freedom of speech and the press, however, because they argued that the acts illegally stole powers reserved for the states, they also became the founding documents in the states’ rights movement and were cited.

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South Carolina attempted to nullify the tariff through the theory of nullification, which states that the states have the right to nullify any law that is unconstitutional. Southerners claimed that the tariff was unconstitutional (as it only benefited the industrialized North), they claimed it was their right as a state to nullify the tariff and not have to pay for it. Thus, Southerners believed that the tariff should go away as a whole as they felt it went against what the founding fathers wrote in the Constitution. The North on the other hand loved the tariff, as it benefited them. They clung to Article 1 Section 8 Clause 1 of the Constitution, which said that Congress had the power to tax.

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The Union wanted to keep the country together, while the South wanted to become independent, just as they had from Britain. Due to legality

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This issue created even more divide between the North and South, and the government at the time favored the South. This all started by congress passing a new tariff that doubled the rates in 1816. In response, Southerners were mad as this negatively impacted their economy while the North was positively impacted by their industries. This made the southerners' agriculture more expensive due to them depending on British imports. Andrew Jackson's Vice president, John C. Calhoun argued that states had the right to nullify any act of congress that was considered to be unconstitutional, as he wanted to boost the Southern economy, and get rid of congress’s tarif.

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In the early 1830’s, South Carolina had the idea that they could nullify the law. This meant that the states could disregard some of the federal laws. A man named John C. Calhoun Promoted the idea. In 1828, there was a tariff passed that put a tax on all imports. Calhoun and a lot of Southern states were outraged.

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When Congress issued tariffs on foreign goods, Southerners believed that Congress favored the North since this tariff would benefit them. John Randolph spoke of this issue, arguing that Congress was being unfair since the South was not benefiting from the actions of Congress at all while the North benefited (Doc A). As for political conflict, there was a clear case of factionalism and political rivalry in 1824 (Doc I). With these conflicts amongst the varying factions and political parties, the political tension and sectionalism within America continued to grow. Accusations and anger from the South further separated them from the North, which did not contribute “good feelings” to the country at

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The state worried that their economy, heavily dependent on the institution of slavery, would be at risk should the federal government seek further restrictions. It states in the document titled Senator John C. Calhoun (D-SC) "Slavery a Positive Good", "If left to themselves, we must finally become two people. It is impossible Under the deadly hatred which must spring up between the two great nations, if the present causes are permitted to operate unchecked, that we should continue under the same political system"(document 3). Many of the southern states believed that if slavery was taken away then there was no way that they could live together in a world without rank, especially South Carolina. "I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slave holding States between two, is, instead of an evil, a good - a positive good"(document 3).

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Primary Document Analysis: Alien and Sedition Acts Along with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions The Alien and Sedition Acts were signed by then-President John Adams on June 18, 1798, roughly eleven years after the signing of the current U.S. Constitution. It was done during a time of heightened tensions between the United States and European countries. These four new laws were designed to give new powers to the President regarding immigrants, also known as aliens.

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As I stated before, the South’s economy was mainly agricultural and the tariffs (taxes to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports) usually just benefited the North with their industrial economy. The high taxes were good for the North because it protected their products but it just caused the South to have to pay more. This annoyance was another reason the South decided to leave the

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Although the Union’s aim in entering the Civil War was to hold the nation together, the Southern States originally seceded largely because of rising tensions about slavery caused by several key events. Prior to the mid-1800s the government had been skirting around slavery issues and attempting to pacify both sides, but eventually irrepressible problems began to arise and tempers flared, leading to the Civil War in 1861. In the years following the Louisiana Purchase, westward expansion brought up a need to develop a policy concerning the regulation of slave and free territories. At the time, slave states and free states had equal representation, and the addition of a new state could disrupt the balance.

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1). In both documents Daniel Webster and the citizens of South Carolina convey a strong argument regarding the topic of states being able to nullify federal laws. In the Liberty and Union speech, Daniel Webster addresses the topic and opposes the doctrine by stating how the government and Constitution was created by and for the people and on how the American people have preserved their own chosen Constitution for the past 40 years since it has been created. Because of this, the American people have prospered happily, grown and become stronger with America, as the country has progressed. While Daniel Webster stated valid points regarding South Carolina’s Senator Robert Haynes, in 1832, South Carolina held a convention to represent their official position on the nullification of federal laws towards President Andrew Jackson and the tariffs of 1832.

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As a democracy, we expect our leaders to care about the we want as a union. However, this isn 't what we always get. For example, Andrew Jackson could be considered one of these self serving leaders. To some, Andrew Jackson represents a war hero but others would say he was an arrogant and unbending person. Impoverished and uneducated he would rise from orphan to war hero leaving thousands of Native Americans dead in the wake of his political ambitions.

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