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Ethical Issues In Scientific Research

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Scientific research is a process that aims to approach reality and to discover the truth by using scientific methods to seek the causes and laws that regulate the course of evolution of a phenomenon or a group of phenomena. The main and basic purpose of a scientific research is to answer critical questions through the application of scientific methods. Scientific research tries to answer questions and problems based only on what it can be verified through empirical reality and factual knowledge. The sub objective of scientific research is to search and discover through concrete empirical data, all the related problems concerning the central issue which is studied. In other words, all types of scientific research try to discover general principles …show more content…

Actually, there are seven main guiding ethical principles of conduct a research and they can become a guide for each researcher. These principles are 1) the respect for human dignity, 2) the respect for the free, voluntary and informed consent, 3) the respect for children, elderly, refugees and displaced persons, victims, disabled or any other person is considered vulnerable or may become vulnerable, 4) the respect of the personal data and confidentiality, 5) the respect for justice and inclusiveness, the respect to representation and fair presentation of the communities or groups examined, 6) the balancing of the risks and benefits and the last one, 7) the ability to minimize each risk. However, equally important are the ethical principles, such as honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, openness, respect for intellectual property, social responsibility, non-discrimination, legality and so many others, too (Wilson, …show more content…

More specifically, it is mentioned that the author made a combination between the qualitative and quantitative methods. There is an analytical description of their theoretical background and it is explained in detail the advantages of using mix quantitative and qualitative methods, since there is a better understanding of the different aspects of the main issue and the research questions and also, there is a better and deeper data analysis and evaluation. So, the final implications are more valid and credible, too. The researcher makes a presentation of the sample of the research, which is the population described in the articles and reviews on hospitality of the past twenty years from 1994 to 2014. In addition, he makes the data collection, using both qualitative and quantitative

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Though the Ethical Model is very different from the Scientific Method, they both share some similarities. For example the “Do background research1” step of the Scientific Method is essentially the same principle of the “Analyze the action3” step of the Ethical Model. On the other hand this background research phase is mostly used for seeing if others scientists have done done a similar experiment, while when you Analyze the action, you think of what about the action could possibly to be immoral, which could possibly involve looking up some background research. Even though they have a few small similarities the Ethical Model and the Scientific Method are still fundamentally different. The Scientific Method is used to test a problem and seem

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Scientific Research and the Unknown Scientific research can be defined using a number of different methods. John M. Barry writes about the scientific process in The Great Influenza, and he uses several different tactics in characterizing it. Barry uses metaphors and unusual syntax in order to characterize scientific research as uncertain and unknown. Barry compares scientific research to venturing into the wilderness in order to characterize it as a journey into the unknown. He begins this comparison by explaining that the best scientists “move deep into a wilderness region where they know almost nothing, where the very tools and techniques needed to clear the wilderness, to bring order to it, do not exist” (Barry 26-29).

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Scientific research seems very factual and straight-forward. In reality, science deals with uncertainty, something that, when not used in the right way, creates weaknesses. The uncertainty of scientific research allows scientists to explore intellectually as well as creatively, and “venture into the unknown” to create the known. In his account from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry uses formal diction, strategically placed rhetorical questions, and an appeal to logos to characterize scientific research.

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VI. Name three things that you would do to make sure that your study complies with the ethical principles of beneficence, respect, and autonomy. a. The participants would not be forced to consume alcohol and they would only be asking to report what they are already doing. b.

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Ganatra, a writer for eHotelier, writes for the publisher, but also provided her source of information within the article. The intended audience would be milennials and people within the hotel industry because they’re the one’s who are be affected, but also hotel owners themselves. Hotel owners have to provide amenities for milennials in order to gain their business. Today’s society has a lot of milennials who are constantly traveling for work purposes, which is why, catering to milennials is necessary to gain

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Human experimentation can be extensively characterized as anything done to a person to figure out how it will influence him. Its principle target is the procurement of new exploratory information instead of treatment. In the event that a trial is at last advantageous to others or even to the subject himself, this doesn't imply that treatment filled a critical need. Humans have long been used as subjects for a variety of experiments.

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Discuss the methodological and ethical issues which are apparent in this study. How have the findings impacted the psychological field? One methodological issue with the Bain et al refrigerator study is that type of experiment used. Having used a laboratory experiment, all variables were under strict control and this does not reflect the true nature of the situation the children were placed in. Children trapped inside a refrigerator would not escape by pressing a panel on the floor, thus the experiment has features which do not reflect an accurate representation of a real life situation (Bain et al, 1958).

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Two ethical issues in pediatric clinical trials The aim of every pediatric healthcare professional is to make advancement in medical care for children. The only way to test any new intervention is through clinical research. Due to the paucity of specific trial-based data in children, sometimes the clinicians are compelled to extrapolate the data from studies in adults.

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1. Define research, nursing research, and evidence-based practice, and describe the purposes of research in implementing an evidence-based practice. Research is investigating and studying of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions or to report knowledge about something. Research can also mean to validate something that already exists based on some kind of theory.

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Stress Effects and Well-being in Law enforcement job: a case study of Baltimore County Police Department Introduction Stress is body ways of responding to intense pressure which if lasted for long time, will “contribute to hormonal imbalances, immune system collapse, and susceptibility to disease, cancer, and death” (Piotrowski, & Hollar, 2014). Work related stress has been major issue affecting employees, especially law enforcement officer that consequently affect their job performances (Jones, et al 2013). Although, majority of law enforcement officers recognizes that they are under stress but inability to manage or control stress constitute major problems and often lead to more serious issues such as severe illness, depression, absenteeism,

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When it comes to scientific methods, there are a variety of ways in which one can reach their goal. Of course, there are certain rules that one must follow when it comes to scientific research. The foremost of these rules is to abide by a certain code of ethics. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein disregards the ethics of research, preferring to accomplish his goals without thoroughly thinking of the consequences that might arise from creating life for the dead. Of course, he wasn’t the only one ignoring the ethical guidelines of research.

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Introduction Qualitative research are those kind of researches that an outcome is obtained without the application of statistical methods of data analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1990 cited in Golafshani, 2003). However, the qualitative research takes a direct approach, where the researchers arrive at a conclusion through the observation of events as they occur naturally without external interferences (Golafshani, 2003). Ethical and methodological issues may arise, therefore in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Qualitative research it is important to integrate rigour and trustworthiness. Potential ethical issues There is the need to take into consideration ethical issues that may arise from conducting qualitative researches.

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According to the Suitcase Clinic organization homelessness means a temporary condition that people fall into when they cannot afford to pay for a place to live, or when their current home is unsafe or unstable. (Suitcase Clinic Organization ) Main reasons being homeless: cyclical nature of mental health/ substance abuse, unavailability of affordable accommodation-waiting lists for public housing and lack of reasonably priced houses. For example, in UK and USA housing stocks are unaffordable.

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The relationship between Hospitality and Tourism, Tourism and hospitality help each other, the hospitality industry offer services like accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, recreation and leisure. Tourism is the activity by the tourists where they engage in travelling to destinations where they want to experience recreational and leisure activities and most of the time avails of accommodation, food and beverage. The hospitality industry is the supplier of the services for tourism. The meaning of hospitality is providing a safe and enjoyable environment for patrons. The inter-relationship between Hospitality and Tourism industry is

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In quantitative research, variables are identified and defined, and then relevant data is collected from study participants. A strength of this type of research is that the data is in numeric form, making it easier to interpret. It also studies the relationship between independent and dependent variables and can address questions such as does a relationship between variables exist, what is the direction of the relationship, how strong is the relationship between the variables, and what is the nature of the relationship. To be able to discover and answer the cause-and-effect relationship is a strength of quantitative research. Lastly, in quantitative research, the study can either be experimental or nonexperimental, meaning clinical trial or observational study, allowing for different types of research studies to be conducted.

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