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Ethical Issues In Organ Donation

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Introduction Organ transplant is an old practice in the medical field. However, successful transplantation did not occur then until the twentieth century when the discovery of blood types and compatibility were discovered. It also came as a result of the discovery of food preservation methods which contributed to blood transfusions being accepted as a medical practice: this led to numerous blood transfusions. The first tissue transplant attempts were done in the 1920’s and more research was done to include organ transplants. The first organ transplant was tried in dogs where Dr. Emmerich discovered that the graft kidney remained compatible and functioned longer if the recipient and donor have a similar genetic make-up. The first recorded …show more content…

Every nation has laws governing them so does ethics and code of conduct in the medical field. Major ethical issues become a threat which in most cases are settled in the courts. We will now discuss each of the ethical issues surrounding organ transplant as follows: a. Ethical issues involving the donor Organs can be obtained from a deceased person, a living donor, in infant donor or from a human fetus. Decease donors in most cases write a will prior to their deaths permitting their own organs to be given to someone else. Apparently, this is considered to be the most appropriate because it does not cause any harm, especially physical harm to the donor. Furthermore, it is the will of the deceased that the living should respect and not go against. However, this kind of donation is against cultural and religious beliefs of some individuals who feel that dead people deserve their last respect. Other issues arise when a person is declared dead when they really aren’t because sometimes mistakes can be done in authentication. Living donors are not left out either in ethical discussions. Some think it is wrong to mutilate a person for the sake of another. For instance, the catholic denomination consider organ transplantation unethical because it goes against the totality principle which states that one part of the body can be sacrificed for the well-being of the rest of the body. No one is obliged to give their organs as a donation and therefore the informed consent has also been an ethical issue. Before harvesting an organ, the donor has to be fully informed about the procedure, the consequences and only after they confirm themselves as donors should the harvesting be

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Even if the Torah strictly says that preserving life is a necessity and that transplanting an organ from a dead person is forbidden. The rule is sometimes overturn then an organ such as a kidney could be taken cadaver in other to save another life by transplanting it. Also corneal transplants are approved since its some important for the well-being of the person. Even if saving a life is mandatory in Judaism it is not done if there is a risk for the rescuer. For example, I don’t know how to swim so if I see another person drowning I will not be able to help that person.

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But not everyone can become an organ donor, so the choice isn’t always available. The fact that one of your organs can save up to eight lives is amazing, which is a reason that most people become organ donors. Some people are good Samaritans and they want to help others. On the other hand, some people do not care about the well-being of

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Refusal of Organ Donation After Death Organ donation definition: it takes healthy organs and tissues from one person(the donor) for transplantation into another(the recipient). An organ transplant may save a person's life, or significantly improve their health and quality of life. Main Social Problem: Refusal of many people to donate due to many factors and obstacles. A chronic shortage of organs for transplantation has and continues to be one of the most controversial pressing health issues in many developed countries.

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Despite the common misconception, the dead donor rule is not by any means a piece of legislation. It is an ethical tool that has helped to manage the organ procurement and transplantation system since its beginning. People believe that violating it could not only decrease the number of organ donations but would normalize the devaluing of human life. Even so, there are inconsistencies in its argument that make people question its relevance. However, the ambiguity of the matter should not be a factor when informed consent is involved.

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In today 's society, people have a choice whether or not they want to be an organ donor, but many people die each day waiting for a perfect match. Though death is a tragic event, many people can benefit from it. Organ Donation should be required because an increase in donations can save a numerous amount of lives, inform the public about the science, and lower the statistical numbers in America. Increasing Organ Donation will be highly appreciated by the people, along with saving more lives each and everyday. By choosing to donate, the recipients are giving the suffering a second chance at life.

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This is a morally unethical question that makes a very complicated issue one sided. I personally believe that other options should be exhausted before definitions of death should be changed. Meaning, the way organ donation is explained can be changed to encourage more people to donate and create dialogues about the benefits of organ donation more accessible. However, if the new definitions of death still allow for the dying person to have a pain-free death and matches with their dying wishes.

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According to World Journal of Transplantation, 2015, “transplantation ethics is the philosophy that incorporates systematizing, defending, and advocating concepts of right and wrong related to organ donation and allocation. ”1 Initially, the supervision of transplant activities and centers in Germany was based on a mutual trust and interdependence. That changed after several scandals shook the transplant community. In Germany, the Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation [(DSO)German Organ Transplantation Foundation] is responsible for the coordination of organ donation.2

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Currently nearly 124,000 men, women and children are awaiting organ transplants in the United States. Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ for the purpose of transplantation and possibly saving a life. Organ donation can occur with a deceased donor or living donor, but certain organs donated are limited based on the condition of the donor living and upon death. Even though a great number of people are in desperate need for organ donations it is a controversial subject especially when it plays a role in religion. Looked at closely Judaism would seem to oppose the belief of organ donation but it ultimately enthuses it.

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It is usually an ethical and legal question in which a person agrees (or disagrees) to be a donor. In our public opinion of transplantation we usually interpret organ transplantation and organ donation as the same thing, so that’s why the term donation is used also for transplantation of organs from a dead person. In every category of transplantation, whether is from alive or dead person, society needs to determine criteria and rules. In a case of transplantation from a cadaver (deceased human body), an important criterion is the determination of the donator’s state (in most countries this is done in a medical institution). It is necessary for many aspects of society to have a clear line between the terms “life” and “death”, weather is to define murder or allow burial and cremation.

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While almost all religions agree that organ donations are acceptable and individual members can make their own decisions, there are some restrictions. Jehovah 's Witnesses allow only for organs that have been completely drained of blood due to the belief that transfusions are disallowed in the Bible. The Muslim religion absolutely demands that there be prior written consents before an organ transplant takes place. Orthodox Judaism claims it is necessary and proper if a life can be saved to perform an organ transplant as long as the donor is proclaimed dead as defined by Jewish law. The Shinto religion and the customs of the Gypsies are two notable groups that disallow

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Organ Trafficking; Background Organ trafficking is an aspect that has hit the world at large in a large way over the past two decades. The medical advances that have occurred have seen many an organ disappear unnoticed by the patient until years later when the affects starts showing. Organ trafficking occurs in three broad categories. Firstly, where victims are forced or deceived into giving up the organ to traffickers. Secondly, where victims formally or informally agree to donate their organs but are exploited.

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There are many valid points as to why mandatory organ donations should not be legal, such as it is their body, and in America, we have a human right to our own bodies and what we do with it. But isn’t the biggest human right, the right to life? We have a human right to be alive. “One organ donor can save up to 8 lives.” (Learn the Facts)

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However, donation involves asking ethical questions because the treatment affects not only the people in need of transplants but also the individuals who donate. The main reason why people may consider donating organs is because of the very great benefit that this can bring to others. On the other hand, some find the idea of organ donation too invasive. Those people believe that it is wrong to take organs from people. The decision to or not to donate is a moral decision.

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ABSTRACT: “The life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living. ”- Marcus Tullius Cicero Till the time human has life, he is respected but the same ends as soon as the person is dead. There are no rights and no duties regarding the dead.

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The need for human organs is already known and most people believe that human organ transplant may reduce death. The issue or the debate of the legalization of the sale of human organs has been on since the day the first transplant was made. Governments all over the world are looking to come up with ways and methods to legalize the sale of the human organs. This however raises questions of “under which circumstances do Governments have the power and the authority to tell people what to do and or how to use their own body parts and what does it mean to own an organ?. Most religious groups believe that Governments are trying to play God by telling people what to do with their own body parts.

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