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Evaluate The Multi Store Model By Atkinson And Shiffrin

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Memory is the process of how we store, encode and retrieve information. One model that attempts to explain memory is the multi store model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). According to this model, memory can flow through 3 separate memory stores; Sensory, short term and long term memory. Any stimulus that you come across has been in one or more of these stores.

Sensory memory is viewed as a storage system that contains information in its unprocessed form for a very small amount of time, can be less than a second, this information is gone after the stimulus is no longer there. There are two types of sensory storage; iconic stage which is associated to visual information, then there is echoic storage which is associated to auditory information. …show more content…

The participants were shown a consonant trigram and asked to count backwards from three as they rehearsed the letters, they had short bursts of time to rehearse beginning with three seconds and increasing by threes up to eighteen seconds. After the three second interval the participants could recall majority of the letters but as they reached eighteen second intervals the number of letters being recalled decreased significantly. They concluded that the information decayed as it was not rehearsed.

Then in 1966 Baddeley found that long term memory mainly uses semantic coding, whilst short term memory uses acoustic coding. He had participants take part in an experiment where they were shown a short list of words which were semantically similar and then they were shown a list of acoustically similar words. They were then asked to recall the words straight after, which caused confusion with the acoustically similar words but the words with similar meanings were easier to recall. However after a short period of time the semantically similar words were more

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Lexical chunking allows a student to recall a chunk rather simply, instead of formulating a word-for-word translation for every single sentence. George A. Miller, professor of psychology at Harvard University and author of the paper “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information,” featured in the scientific journal Psychological Review, points out, “I am simply pointing to the obvious fact that…as these larger chunks emerge the amount of message that the operator can remember is increased” (351). Learning the language in lexical chunks shines through as the more effective method because the human mind is more capable of recalling collocations vs individual word-for-word phrases. Miller explains, “Since the memory span is a fixed number of words, we can increase the number of bits of information that it contains simply by building larger and larger chunks” (350-351). Researchers such as Miller found that lexical chunks promote a superior recollection in word memorization, thus solidifying the method as a superior option to that of a word-for-word translation.

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Nevertheless, if that information is rehearsed, it could potentially be entered into the long term memory. Long term memory on the other hand, is the permanent memory system which has an unlimited capacity. However, it takes longer

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The theory believes that elaborative rehearsal, or deep processing, improves long term memory. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that deep level of processing led to longer lasting memory while

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