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Evaluate The Multi Store Model By Atkinson And Shiffrin

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Memory is the process of how we store, encode and retrieve information. One model that attempts to explain memory is the multi store model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). According to this model, memory can flow through 3 separate memory stores; Sensory, short term and long term memory. Any stimulus that you come across has been in one or more of these stores.

Sensory memory is viewed as a storage system that contains information in its unprocessed form for a very small amount of time, can be less than a second, this information is gone after the stimulus is no longer there. There are two types of sensory storage; iconic stage which is associated to visual information, then there is echoic storage which is associated to auditory information. …show more content…

The participants were shown a consonant trigram and asked to count backwards from three as they rehearsed the letters, they had short bursts of time to rehearse beginning with three seconds and increasing by threes up to eighteen seconds. After the three second interval the participants could recall majority of the letters but as they reached eighteen second intervals the number of letters being recalled decreased significantly. They concluded that the information decayed as it was not rehearsed.

Then in 1966 Baddeley found that long term memory mainly uses semantic coding, whilst short term memory uses acoustic coding. He had participants take part in an experiment where they were shown a short list of words which were semantically similar and then they were shown a list of acoustically similar words. They were then asked to recall the words straight after, which caused confusion with the acoustically similar words but the words with similar meanings were easier to recall. However after a short period of time the semantically similar words were more

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Lexical chunking allows a student to recall a chunk rather simply, instead of formulating a word-for-word translation for every single sentence. George A. Miller, professor of psychology at Harvard University and author of the paper “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information,” featured in the scientific journal Psychological Review, points out, “I am simply pointing to the obvious fact that…as these larger chunks emerge the amount of message that the operator can remember is increased” (351). Learning the language in lexical chunks shines through as the more effective method because the human mind is more capable of recalling collocations vs individual word-for-word phrases. Miller explains, “Since the memory span is a fixed number of words, we can increase the number of bits of information that it contains simply by building larger and larger chunks” (350-351). Researchers such as Miller found that lexical chunks promote a superior recollection in word memorization, thus solidifying the method as a superior option to that of a word-for-word translation.

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People believe that memory can retrieve the information and they can give the response to the information. We have two parts of memory which are the long-term memory and short-term memory. Long-term memory can keep information in a long time and the capacity for this memory is unlimited. its storage stretches from a few moments ago to as far back as one can remember.

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The semantic memory refers to a portion of long term memory that processes thoughts and ideas that are not drawn from individual experience. The semantic memory incorporates things that are regular information, for example, the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of nations and other fundamental certainties procured over a lifetime. For example knowing that Washington, D.C., is the U.S. capital and Washington is a state. The Semantic memory is the recollection of facts gathered from our younger ages. This would be unquestionable information that would not be associated with emotion or personal experience.

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Personal Statement Since I was a child, I have shown great interest in exploring my surroundings. I was extremely eager to grasp every single piece of information into my growing brain. My family has always encouraged me to utilize my abilities to the fullest extent. As I grew, this passion became even bigger, and at those moments I came to an understanding that science will be my enjoyable hobby and my first and only career choice. When I was in my first year of medical school, I had to watch my cousin and best friend suffering because of Kidney Failure.

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How reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).

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Word length effect: The word length effect refers to the finding that list of short words will be recalled better than the list of long words. (Lewandowsky and Farrell, 2008) STATEMENT OF PRPOBLEM The statement of problem here is, ‘will the introduction of visual cues facilitate the word length effect?’

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The memory process is a complex process of different types of memory that affect different parts of the brain. When a person thinks of memory, they can think of two types of memory. The two common types are short-term and long-term memory. However, there are different types of memory. There are also factors that can affect a person’s memory and have a great effect on the can dramatically alter.

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While the human brain allows humans to sustain life and perform many complex tasks, like anything it has its flaws. One function of the brain that repeatedly fails us is memory. Before attempting to understand the flaws located throughout the memory process, the basic types and systems of memory need to be understood. The two basic types of memory are short and long term. The first type of memory, short term, requires conscious thought to acquire and can only hold a limited amount of information that can only be kept for a duration of less than a minute (Smith, 2016).

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To start with the basis of understanding the memory, one must know that memories are stored in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In a recent fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study over the past decade, researchers found that the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex have decreased in activity. The memory is a constructive surface and not so much reproductive. It can be distorted by being influenced by bias, association, imagination and peer pressure. As one goes to recall an event, the brain will now associate that memory with what is happening around them at the time of the recall.

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“Memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, the things you are, the things you never want to lose” -Kevin Arnold. The ability to recall anything you have seen, heard, felt, tasted, or smelled is not something to take for granted. It is a gift, and unfortunately not everyone can experience a lifetime of remembering. What is memory? Where does it come from?

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3. Condition B (i): Long word stimuli with some visual cue present. 4. Condition B(ii): Short word stimuli with some visual cue

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If information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.

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Retrieval/Recall- This is the process that allows us to remember things by bringing the memory out of the “storage” to the forefront of the mind. There is also another step which

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Keywords - Episodic memory, Recall, Recognition, Event, Cues. Episodic memory is the type of memory system that handles our ability to recall previously experienced events and to recognize things as having been encountered previously [1]. It also

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