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Infection Prevention

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SectionІІ:
Overview of infection prevention for general clinical practice:
According to Tietjen 2008, microorganisms are the causative agents of infection. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. In the context of infection prevention, bacteria can be further divided into three categories: vegetative (e.g., staphylococcus), mycobacteria (e.g., tuberculosis), and endospores (e.g., tetanus), which are the most difficult to kill.
He also added that asepsis or aseptic technique is a general term used to describe the combination of efforts made to prevent entry of microorganisms into any area of the body where they are likely to cause infection. The goal of asepsis is to reduce to a safe level, or eliminate, the number of microorganisms …show more content…

Based on Trussell 2009, protective barriers are physical, mechanical, or chemical processes that help prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms from client to client, clinic staff to client, and client to staff. Also added that infection prevention often relies on placing such barriers between the microorganism and the individual. Examples of protective barriers include: handwashing, wearing gloves, using antiseptic solutions, and processing instruments and other items as described …show more content…

Use antiseptic agents for cleansing skin or mucous membranes before surgery, cleaning wounds, or doing handrubs or surgical handscrubs with an alcohol-based antiseptic product.
Use safe work practices such as not recapping or bending needles, safely passing sharp instruments, and suturing (when appropriate) with blunt needles.
Safely dispose of infectious waste materials to protect those who handle them and prevent injury or spread of infection to the community.
Infection control measures in family planning unit
The consistent use of recommended infection prevention practices is
A critical component of quality health services, as well as a basic right of every patient, client, or staff member in a health care setting.
Although there is only a minimal risk of infection associated with IUD use, studies have shown that it is often related to the insertion procedure (ARHP 2008), rather than to the IUD itself. When the procedure is performed correctly, however, and in accordance with the recommended infection prevention practices, the rate of infection following IUD insertion is very low—less than 1%. (McIntosh

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that they can cause infection more frequently and more easily in persons’ with a weakened immune system such as, HIV patients (CDC, 2015). This organism is seen primarily in nosocomial infections, also known as, hospital-acquired infections (Bukhari, 2004). This means that the organisms favors the hospital environment and is easily passed to a person while they are in the hospital. Ways that a person can get a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection is through IV’s, more commonly in drug users, catheters, and artificial equipment (Bukhari, 2004). Skin-to-skin contact can also be a form of getting this type of infection.

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Disposal and handling of hazardous materials such as nappies and body fluids is an important part in the policy. The reason why it is important because it is the changing of children’s nappies and it has to be clean. It is safe for both the children and the staff’s changing the nappy because you won’t get yourself dirty as well as the child. When changing a nappy it is necessary that the staff member wear protective wearing such as gloves and apron, to keep any bacteria you may have away from the child and whatever bacteria the child may have is cleaned up without you catching it.

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Through the learning from week 1 and week 2, I have learnt that the most frequent adverse event in health-care delivery is health care-associated infections. It is essential for us to follow the infection control practices that both patients and us are at a risk of being infected. Standard Precautions involve the use of safe work practices and protective barriers, for example, the use of personal protective equipment(PPE). At first, I think Standard Precautions are very easy. Everyone knows PPE can protect us from infections and hand hygiene is important throughout the process.

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Aseptic hand hygiene must be maintained at all times when coming in contact with a catheter or catheter bag after insertion. Gloves must be worn when manipulating, emptying, or removing catheter to prevent spread of bacteria. 4. Properly maintain drainage system. Keep bag below the bladder at all times to prevent urine from migrating back into the urethra and bladder.

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Ever since we are little, most of us hate the idea of needle pricks at the doctor’s office. We cringe, cry, hold our moms hand or even embarrassingly pass out. Although we are difficult patients during the collection of blood specimens, it is actually crucially important for a Phlebotomist to perform a proper collection of specimens. Phlebotomy can be the backbone of the laboratory and provide proper diagnosis for patients. Improper collection can lead to complications, including misdiagnosis.

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The primary prevention is the best way to eliminate the potential for exposure. Since hand washing is the most effective mean of spread of infection, it would be my primary goal to increase the compliance of hand hygiene among healthcare workers, but also an extensive education of patients and family members on hand washing before and after touching the patient as well as afar any contact with any potentially contaminated materials (surface, body fluids or respiratory secretions). Mandatory education of patients, visitors and healthcare workers, across the system as well as cross department compliance practices are single best mean of preventing the spread of infection. For example, every patient and family member can be educated about hand hygiene, use of PPE-personal protective equipment (face mask, gowns and gloves). Although, the practices are already being utilized, I believe the compliance is poorly monitored.

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Hand washing or isolation of the sick persons with infections in the prevention of hospital acquired infections. 5. Does the use of hand washing, and antisepsis lower the rate of hospital acquired infections? The fifth PICOT question is selected because of the reported low compliance percentage among medical caregivers.

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A work environment requires more consideration for those around you and how your actions impact their health and wellbeing. It is astonishing to realise how quickly germs can spread through basic hygiene neglect. Poor hygiene can contribute towards many health-related problems. We have already explored how infection control can reduce these risks but it is always worth reminding yourself of these.

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- Safety provi¬sions are interpreted to protect patients from illnesses caused in the course of medical treatment as well as to provide hygienic and injury-free experience in the health care setting. Special provisions exist for safety in pharmaceuticals, blood supply, infectious disease treatment and diagnostics, and mental health services, among others. Ethical codes for doctors, nurses, and other health care workers contain provisions applicable to the patients’ right to safety. Medical errors and other actions that fail to meet safety standards can carry civil, criminal and administrative penalties

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Accompanied with these devices is the risk of infection, causing localized infection up to systemic infections. Improved nursing care and patient education for CVC’s can potentially have a monumental impact on the percentage of patients that encounter contamination and subsequent infection related to these implanted access ports. Several risk factors have been identified that may aide with this resolution. Early placements of CVCs before patients encounter deterioration of functional systems and immunocompromised circulation systems. Extended use of catheters contributes to the risk of infection and damage at the insertion site of the device.

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I would maintain the patient’s privacy. I would instruct the cleaning worker to keep the floor dry every time. I would make sure that every examination and reviews were done prior to surgery. I would check the patient’s record carefully before administering drug. I would confirm patient’s sensitiveness to any kind of allergic reaction and consult with doctors if needed.

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12. Communicable diseases can be defined as 1, no sick people can't be served. 2, No contagious worker can serve anyone. 3, the board has a right to require a physical examination of any person who is suspected of being sick or contagious. 13. Sanitation and disinfection can be defined as 1, no licensee or student shall commerce work on any person before ; (a) washing hands with soap and water; and (b) placing around the patrons neck a fresh and sanitary neck strip towel so that the cape does not contact the skin.

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Employees working in pediatrics hospital are supposed to take precautions to protect their patients and staff from exposure to potentially infectious materials. A fundamental component of standard infection prevention measures are a system of barrier precautions to be used by all personnel

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The main reasons for developing a HCAI are poor hand hygiene by healthcare staff, medical device related infections such as intravenous lines and urinary catheters and the overuse or improper use antimicrobials. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone measure to prevent healthcare associated infection (HCAI) and it has been shown that MRSA is primarily transmitted from patient to patient via the hands of healthcare professionals (Donskey, 2009). Although hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective and most cost effective way to prevent the spread of HCAIs (Pratt et al. 2007) (Kilpatrick et al. 2013), adherence to hand hygiene among health care professionals remains low worldwide (WHO, 2009).

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Unfortunately, intrauterine devices(IUD) are not well-known amongst the public. An IUD is a device made of plastic with the shape of a capital ‘t’. It is placed inside the uterus to work. The history, process, pros, cons, and cost will be discussed throughout the course of this essay.

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