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Factors for Fascism and Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy
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Zinn Assignment Howard Zinn states that the U.S. was very similar to the policies of West Germany or Italy; “In one of its policies, the United States came close to direct duplication of Fascism.” He continues on explaining how Japanese americans were basically bound to be exterminated and stripped of many rights due to the hysteria catalyzed by the attack of Pearl Harbor by Japan. Zinn then points out that Roosevelt wasn’t at all in a frenzy but still signed Executive order 9066 without a second thought and this allowed for the army to take charge and forcefully arrest and escort Japanese-Americans to their appropriate internment camps. Holistically Zinn brings many supporting facts to depict the endless troubles Japanese-Americans had to undergo.
The 19th century was a time of unification and centralization for the countries of Italy and Germany. Unification was a very controversial subject in Italy at the time because people’s opinions varied with residency, social class, religious affiliation, gender, occupation, and ideological outlook. Residency, occupation, and political power affected the point of views of the authors the most in the documents. Besides the debate of whether or not Italy should be unified, questions regarding how Italy would become centralized or why Italy should not be unified were a major factor when determining the future of Italy. For example, if Italy were to be unified, would the political system be a republic or monarchy.
World War I devastated countries throughout Europe. Economies collapsed and dismantled the way of life for the majority of people, especially in Germany. The Allied powers had blamed them for being the perpetrator of the war and so they punished Germany severally. In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin ruled the country with an iron fist that resulted in millions dead and/or starving. In Italy, the country had been promised territory but never received any land.
She uses Roman literature, to find more information about the ruling classes. The chapter goes through the jobs women held and how they varied by social status. The final chapter of the book reviews the effects of Religion on Roman women. It relates the topic to modern day Italian customs today.
In summary, the major principles and values of fascism, such as the rejection of democracy, glorification of war, promise of national resurgence, and emphasis on community and discipline, were appealing to Europeans in the inter-war years. These principles tapped into the discontent and desire for a sense of purpose and belonging that characterized the post-World War I era, making fascism attractive for many during this
Addison Schwarz 3/22/2016 Per: 5 World History Chapter 13 Study Guide Vocab Flapper Flappers were rebellious young women in the United States and Europe during the 1920s who went outside of society’s norms and showed off more of their body than what was previously acceptable. Prohibition The ban on manufacturing and selling of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933.
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany were similar in that both were dictatorships. Both Mussolini and Hitler came to power through legal means and believed that people were divided into either inferior or superior races. For example, Hitler was obsessed with the Aryan race and called for the genocide of Jews during WWII. In addition, both Mussolini and Hitler favored the wealthy, believed that an individual was meaningless and must submit to the decisions of their leaders, and aimed at self-sufficiency so that each could survive entirely without international trade. Furthermore, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy “had aimed for prestige and power for their countries, and brought instead humiliation and destruction” (Tarr, R.,
The Italian peninsula was politically fragmented and divided, with no strong central government. This division made it difficult for Italy to compete on the international stage, and left it vulnerable to foreign interference and aggression. Italian unification became a pressing issue in the mid-19th century, as the country faced internal turmoil and external threats (Pearson, 22.3). The Italian unification movement was driven by a coalition of liberal and socialist political groups, who sought to create a unified Italian state based on democratic principles.
In 1919, Benito Mussolini described fascism as “A movement that would strike against the backwardness of the right and the destructiveness of the left.” That “Fascism sitting on the right, could also have sat on the mountain of the center… These words in any case do not have a fixed and unchanged: they do have a variable subject to location, time and spirit. We don’t give a damn about these empty terminologies and we despise those who are terrorized by these words.” Fascism came into prominence in the early 20th-century Europe. It originated in Italy during World War I.
The most powerful pope during this time, Gregory VII asserted his hierarchy with papal supremacy. He demanded for all to obey his regulations, for they were God’s plan of fulfilment. Gregory VII revived obedience among all and instituted papal authority. With the papal authority in place, all governments that were Christian were forced into subordination.
Have you ever heard the saying that Fascism and Communism are two sides of the same coin? These ideologies flourished during the first half of the 20th century and influenced several European states which followed the two ideologies. Fascism was imposed in order to promote powerful and permanent nationalism within a totalitarian state led by a dictator which is ready to engage in conflict internally and with its neighbors. The doctrine of Fascism was drafted in 1919 by Giovanni Gentile and adopted by Mussolini (Mussolini is considered the founder of fascism). Gentile stated, “Everything for the state; nothing against the state” (Heywood, Politics 48).
In the north, the independent Kingdom of Italy had developed, but this as well would not last, as it would be conquered by Otto, the German king. He then emerged a political unit, the Holy Roman Empire. Where in the central of Italy was still much involved with the Lombards, but with Charlemagne involved he had passed the territory over to the pope, therefore the principal term the Papal State. This was too independent, but it had lasted with the
376) This description of Fascism indicates a government that is involved in the lives of its citizens to an extreme degree. By illustrating the government as a “powerful form of personality”, Mussolini alludes to the Fascist characteristic of organicism, where the state is seen as an organic whole being. Mussolini continues his
The Church dominated politics throughout the Middle Ages. It is clear from reading numerous primary sources that the Church was the sole guidance of people throughout the Middle Ages. This essay will discuss the factors and events that led to the rise of the Church in the Middle Ages and the change in politics from this time. It is evident from reading various sources from the course that the Church and the State were closely linked and that this bond was formed from the early outset of the Middle Ages, at the time of the Roman Empire. The object of this essay is to research primary sources from this time to demonstrate the progression of the Church and politics in the Middle Ages.
It uses manipulated history, national and racist myths to provide a basis for their state. Fascism turns nationalism and ultra nationalism into a secular religion to provide legitimacy to their new modern nation-state. There is an emphasis on the national community over the individual, and the past and myths are brought up as political liturgy to give legitimacy and support to the new struggles, and are used to project the future. The fascists way to progress and the way to avoid the problems of the liberal capitalist society, (mainly the relationship of the masses with the state, the idea of individualism, and the tensions between the individual and society) lay in the Third Way, at the core of which is the myth of the regenerated national community, which implies that each fascism will inevitably be nation specific, and thus can accommodate several differing reactions to modernization.
