Final Essay

Classical Greece is a cornerstone of Western civilisation, with its profound impact resonating across various aspects of modern society and culture. From the birthplace of democracy to the foundational principles of philosophy and the enduring legacy of art and architecture, the contributions of ancient Greece continue to shape the fabric of the Western world.

One of the most enduring legacies of classical Greece is the concept of democracy. In the 5th century BCE, Athens experienced a radical departure from traditional forms of governance with the introduction of Athenian democracy (Cartwright, 2018). Athenian democracy empowers free male citizens to participate in decision-making processes, shaping the direction of the city-state. While

The teachings of figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle continue to shape philosophical inquiry and ethical discourse today (Cartwright, 2018). Socrates, often regarded as the father of Western philosophy, employed a method of questioning known as the Socratic method, challenging conventional wisdom and encouraging critical thinking. In his dialogues, Plato explored justice themes in 'The Republic,' morality in 'Euthyphro,' and the nature of reality in 'Parmenides,' laying the groundwork for metaphysical and ethical inquiry. Aristotle's contributions to logic, metaphysics, and ethics provided a systematic framework for philosophical thought, influencing fields as diverse as ethics, politics, and science. The lasting influence of classical Greek philosophy can be seen in current discussions on ethics, politics, knowledge, and existence (Cartwright, 2018). The Socratic method, emphasising critical inquiry and intellectual humility, continues to inform educational practices and philosophical discourse. Moreover, the ethical theories of Plato and Aristotle provide valuable insights into moral responsibility, virtue, and the good life, shaping contemporary approaches to ethical decision-making and social

Greek art, including sculpture, pottery, and painting, embodies the ideals of balance, symmetry, and naturalism (Cartwright, 2018). Iconic works such as the Venus de Milo, the Discobolus, and the Parthenon frieze exemplify the enduring appeal of classical Greek art, admired for its technical mastery and aesthetic refinement. The impact of classical Greek art and architecture goes beyond aesthetics to encompass broader cultural and symbolic importance (Cartwright, 2018). The emphasis on beauty, proportion, and idealised forms continues to inspire artists, architects, and designers, influencing the visual language of contemporary culture. Moreover, the architectural legacy of ancient Greece serves as a testament to the enduring power of classical ideals and the timeless appeal of classical