**(Bonus definition) Encratism: From the Greek, egkrateia, this term is used synonymously with asceticism. Those adhering to this discipline thought reproduction, drinking wine, and eating certain animals should be avoided for they were associated with certain pagan rituals. Encratism absorbed many philosophies from the surrounding culture and integrated it into its version of Christianity. However, one of the most famous tenets of Encratism was a heretical teacher named Tatian, who insisted that Adam could not be saved.
Gnosticism: Originated from the Greek term gnosis, meaning “immediate experiential knowledge that comes from acquaintance.” This movement is “characterized by the intuitive knowledge of the origin, essence, and ultimate destiny of the spiritual nature of human beings.” Many times Gnosticism borrowed concepts from various religions and many Gnostic teachers formed their own conglomeration of Gnostic doctrine. However, according to the anti-Gnostic writers, Simon Magus has been attributed the title of being “the father of all heresies” and given credit for originating Gnosticism.
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However, Paul reached towards these Gentile “God-fearers” and allowed them to express their faith without circumcision or stringent demands. The early church was comprised of converted Jewish believers and the “God-fearers,” but they would later be one combined group called