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How Did The Fall Of The Qing Dynasty

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The Qing dynasty which was ruled by the ethnic Manchu and reigned from 1644 to 1911 fell due to internal and external factors. The decline began during the second half of the 1800s when the two Opium Wars of 1839-1842 and 1856-1860 caused a major loss to the empire of China as Hong Kong, a key city in China, was taken by Britain. This showed other neighboring countries that China was no longer the powerful nation that it is known to be and had now become very vulnerable and weak. Once other nations saw China was weak, China began to lose grip on its power. France seized Southeast Asia and made it a French colony (French Indochina), while Japan took control of Taiwan. Some of the internal struggles that led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty include
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Multiple different dynasties controlled the Chinese Empire in this time. The first dynasty, the Han Dynasty, had begun earlier starting in 206 BCE and during the CE time period falling in the year 220 CE. This dynasty was ruled primarily by Emperor Wu Ti, followed by his many successors including Emperor Xian of Han who was the last Emperor of the Han Dynasty. After the fall of the Han Dynasty came a

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Struggling to maintain social order and strength, the Qing Dynasty placed restrictions on opium trade; however, this backfired, provoking retaliation from British traders and leading to a war that would create the Unequal Treaties. The detrimental socio economic effects opium had on China were beginning to surface during the late 1830’s, causing an influx of smokers and a decline in bullion. Although China’s economy suffered, this was the most viable foreign trade option for the British. There was low demand for the cotton the British offered to China, but the increased profits from opium would do more than compensate. Thus, British merchants took various measures to circumvent China’s policies to stop the illicit trade and managed to find

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Unfortunately, this thinking prevented the Chinese from learning from western technology and science. As a result the West was able to easily defeat the Qing in key battles such as the Opium War in 1839 to 1841. In contrast to the Ottomans, the Qing was unable to compromise with the West and Europe forced its way into China. However, both societies were influenced by Western methods, despite attempts to restore traditional ideology and campaigns by both Chinese

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THE OPIUM WARS And its Affect on America The Dream of Trade Throughout the 19th century, Americans dreamed of exploiting China 's market. Especially after the United States expanded to the West Coast, prospects for a lucrative and expanding Far Eastern trade energized U.S. merchants and manufacturers. However China 's imperial government took steps to discourage international trade. When U.S. merchant ships first began arriving in the Far East in the 1780s, they were restricted to trading only through Hong Kong, on the South Coast of China. That restriction persisted for another half century, preventing the China trade from rising above a minute percent of U.S. global commerce.

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The Qing had Hung Taiji and Li Zicheng who were key instruments in taking over the Ming dynasty and Beijing. Both dynasties had eventful paths to power, many achievements while in power, and a particular decline in power. The empire that came first was the Ming dynasty. This group reigned for about 300 years and was in power from 1368-1644.

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This treaty compelled China to sign a series of unequal agreements that gave Britain access to Chinese ports and territory, including the takeover of Hong Kong for a century. The influx of foreign goods and the loss of control over trading markets caused significant economic losses for China, which were compounded by the widespread use of opium among the Chinese population. As a result, the Chinese economy suffered a catastrophic blow, leaving many civilians struggling to make ends meet. Zhang Kaiyuan, a distinguished professor of international law at Peking University, argues that the treaty was a result of unequal negotiations that did not respect China's territorial integrity. The Opium Wars also had a profound impact on China's political stability, with many questioning the effectiveness of their government in dealing with foreign challenges.

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China was divided up into spheres of influences for different countries, meaning they controlled exclusive trading rights in that area but weren't in control of the government. The Chinese revolted against the British in the first opium war when they tried to stop the British from exporting opium, however the British swiftly defeated the rebellion and forced the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Nanking opening five ports for the British to export opium, later China was forced to open up eleven more ports to the British. With many european countries controlling basically all of China a group called the Boxers, a nickname given to the Society of the Harmonious Fist, their goal was drive out the foreigners. They were secretly funded by the Chinese government and started a rebellion which came to be known as the Boxer rebellion. They launched a series of attacks against foreigners and the imperialistic powers sent a force of 25,000 troops to crush the boxers and china remained a sphere of influence and the countries kept making

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The Chinese had already known about the existence of opium, but did not start smoking it until the habit of snaking tobacco in the Americas spread to China creating addictions that fueled the opium trade and infiltrated imperial troops (www.britannica.com). The current Chinese ruler at the time did try to restrained and limit the trade of the drug, but since the balance of trade for Europe, especially England, had shifted dramatically in their favor (since they became a great fan of silk, porcelain, and tea from China) they were not about to lose their valuable opium trade business (www.britannica.com ). England could not help, but engage in two opium wars with China (the former coming out as victor in both wars), the first led to a pause in prohibiting the drug and the second extinguished the idea of possibly banning it altogether because of that it took many years to pass before India and China came to an agreement to try to stop the sell of opium and even more for people's addictions to disappear (www.britannica.com ). Unfortunately, for China this caused a decline in the economy since the balance shifted from China exporting more than importing to the other way around, it also affected many of the Chinese inhabitants since many of them grew addicted to opium and like any other drug, it took its toll on the person and China's population. Europe, on the other

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China’s Last Empire. The Great Qing. William T. Rowe. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009. 360 pages including Emperors and Dynasties, Pronunciation Guide, Notes, Bibliography, Acknowledgements, Index, Maps and Figures.

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