The second ½ of the organism was used for gram staining. The gram stain method was performed on the unknown organism per lab manual page 42 and two gram stain reactions were identified. Organism B was gram positive cocci in grape like clusters. Because organism B was positive I could eliminate Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris because these bacteria would be rod shapes. Organism A was gram negative pink rod shaped and because of gram positive morphology I could eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis.
People were instructed to dispose or return any cucumbers that were shipped under the company’s Limited Edition. The salmonella outbreak was reported because the bacteria killed an elderly woman and sickened at least 285 others in total. Among the 285 that were sickened, 53 of them were sent to the hospital. According to the article, Arizona was the state that had the most cases reported from this outbreak.
Winnable Battle- Safe Food Objectives: Approximately 1 of 6 people in America get sick from eating contaminated food. Some people recover and few others may suffer from complication such as kidney failure, miscarriage or brain and nerve damage (10 Colorado winnable battles). In Colorado, there is at least 41% of foodborne outbreaks report and investigation each year. This is an enormous number that underscores the need for vigilance and highlights the importance of the food safety programs to identify foodborne illnesses (10 Colorado winnable battles).
Even considering the fact that this organism generally causes sickness vice death, it may still be used to make a political point by a group or an individual committed to causing purely economic damage vice gathering a large death toll. Any organism as common as this will remain a threat until such time comes as people no longer need to eat, which is unlikely to ever occur. The USDA is looking for additional ways to improve food safety in regards to salmonella (Mayo Clinic, 2014) and with continued research will likely be able to further mitigate any hazard
Enterobacteriaceae - Enterobacteriacaea is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are usually motile and consist of saprophytes and parasites of worldwide distribution. They can be found in soil, water, plants and animals. Q2I: Mutation - Mutation is an inheritable change in the base sequence of the genome of an organism. Question Set 3: Q3A: The authors hypothesized that colistin resistance was spreading by horizontal gene transfer as opposed to mutation.
Salmonella is commonly found in cows and raw milk, poultry, pigs, pets and wild
Discussion #5: Foster Farms Chicken Salmonella Outbreak It is astonishing after reading the editorial about the Salmonella outbreak in 29 states and Puerto Rico, that it took 17 months and 634 people confirmed cases to ultimately affirm the outbreak over. What took the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) so long to get this foodborne illness outbreak under control? Perhaps, the CDC officials misguided the food and safety news when they told them that the number of case in the affected states were normal for that time of year. Then, to make matters worse, the governments test on Foster Farms chicken meat did not show evidence for the strains for several months. The CDC claimed that "It 's been a long, complicated investigation
“ Christian Gram was the one who tried to develop the procedure of Gram staining by attempting to create a way to differentiate stains of schizomycetes from the other tissue cells”(Bartholomew).The Gram-staining was used to determine the morphology of the bacteria by using the cell wall structure. When the bacteria is viewed under a microscope, morphology was seen. Bacteria can have one of the three basic morphologies. The bacteria was cocci, rod, or spirilla morphology. If the result of the bacteria is purple, the bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer.
Unknown Paper I Introduction This lab is a presentation of lab tests performed to finalize a conclusion based on results to identify the given unknown bacteria. The unknown bacteria was identified based on lab test results in the table provided in class for the possible unknown bacteria. The unknown bacteria identified as #36, and based on the lab tests is Enterobacter II Materials and Methods Catalase Test- this test determines whether bacteria have the enzyme catalase which catalyzes the breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
The gram negative species are apart of the Enterobacteriaceae family. These are gram-negative rods, which are facultatively aerobic - either respiring or fermenting. Most are motile via a flagella (Carson, 2015). Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica are both paracolons, which lack the ability to ferment lactose. Conversely, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are both coliforms, which are able to ferment lactose.
TITLE: SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS BACTEREMIA, A CAUSE FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS? Authors: Merjona Saliaj, MD, Sikka Gautam, MD, Norbert Brau, MD Institutions: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Bronx); James J. Peters VA Bronx Medical Center North Central Bronx Hospital INTRODUCTION Pancreatitis associated with bacterial infection has been previously studied. Several case reports have described Salmonella as a possible cause of pancreatitis. Two retrospective studies have shown increased levels of pancreatic enzymes and clinical pancreatitis in patients infected with Salmonella enteritidis.
Eric Schlosser uses logos to convince readers that American fast-food made climatic influences on the spread of diseases. Eric Schlosser writes, “ In about 4 percent of reported E. coli 0157:H7 cases, the Shiga toxins enter the bloodstream causing hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS), which can lead to kidney failure, anemia, internal bleeding, and the destruction of vital organs. The Shiga toxins can cause seizures, neurological damage, and strokes. About 5 percent of the children who develop HUS are killed by it. Those who survive are often left with permanent disabilities, such as blindness or brain damage.
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are thermostable and maintain heating to such a temperature at which staphylococci themselves are killed. The incidence is quite high. In fact, it is higher in the summer than at other times of the year. The reason most often is related to meat dishes and cakes with custard, perhaps because staphylococci, being resistant to high concentrations of protein, salt and sugar, thrive in these products without being competitive. Outbreaks are usually associated with the consumption of food with long shelf life at room temperature.
Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 This paper will specialize on a specific type of bacterial foodborne illness caused by the bacteria Escherichia Coli. E. coli was discovered by Theodore von Escherich in 1885. E.coli is a natural found bacteria that lies throughout the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals and comes in many forms only one of which is deadly. This form is E. coli 0157:H7 which can be caused by direct exposure to fecal matter to kill this rouge
Bacteria that causes disease are called pathogens. The disease is caused by a poison called exotoxin and endotoxin produced by the bacteria. Another microbial life are protist. They are unicellular eukaryotes. Types of protist includes protozoans and slime molds.
