Islam had affected the government and culture in the Middle East by having caliphates. These caliphates were then sultanates in Asia. However, architecture and culture had similar impacts in the Middle East and in Asia with similar ideas. In the Middle East, Islam had affected the government and culture by showing new architecture and the caliphates. Caliphates are Islamic land where the caliph rules. Caliphs were the deputy-type rulers. Caliphs came only after Muhammad’s death. Islamic Turks captured Hindu Kingdoms in Northern India. This introduced the Sultanate of Delhi. Caliphates in the Middle East had expanded farther than the Sultanates did. The Sultanates could not expand far enough because there was a high amount of Hindu people living