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In the novel, Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison develops the character Macon Dead, who acquired the nickname of Milkman. The actions of others can influence a life and the course of life for a person that has no real idea or firmness in decision making of their own. Milkman gets his nickname because he was breastfed by his mother at an oddly old age, and a man sees that through a window and begins laughing. While the name is is quite literal to the actual situation that made his acquire it such as being breast fed. Throughout the novel Milkman grows up rather advantaged and sheltered.
Sometimes this approach is called phenomenological because personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience. Abraham Maslow can be regarded as the father of humanistic psychology. In the 1960's, his ideas were considered as ridiculous whereas today they are highly regarded and considered important across so many different areas. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs presents the image of the individual having the ability to reach a level of self-actualization which is the highest form that an individual can achieve.
Theresienstadt served three purposes. First to gather the Jewish people, then to dispose of them, and finally to deceive the world into thinking this place is different from what they had been telling the world (“Theresienstadt”). The camp of Theresienstadt, first known as Terezín, was a ghetto-like place in Czechoslovakia during the Hitler regime. Not only was Theresienstadt a place where they kept Jews, it was also used later on for propaganda. Propaganda was a huge part of the Holocaust and Theresienstadt kept many secrets hidden away from the outside world.
This assignment will be explaining the 6 psychological perspectives in health and social care. I will explain in detail and assess the different psychological approaches and explain the behaviours on how we feel and why we behave the way we do. The behaviourist theory: The main idea of the behaviourist approach is that we can understand types of behaviours by looking at what a person has been taught and what they have learnt.
The population this theory applies to all ethnicities, religions, races, orientations, social economic status and abilities .The school this theory is related to the Humanistic School of Thought. Humanistic School of thought , is the concept of the practitioner viewing the client circumstance through the client eyes and their personal view. The major theorist that is associated with the theory is Carl Rogers. The main goal is to eliminate any issues that the client may have that could deter them to reach their full potential.
In terms of psychology when you take an approach within the context studies of a whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual; it would lead for this definite phrase to be reflected towards the expression of Humanistic, Humanism, and Humanist concepts that are inputted to structure the psychological field. Now, humanism is definite as a psychological perspective that underlines the study of a whole person. While, Humanistic psychologists view the human behavior, through the vision of the person doing the behavior. Indeed, it would lead for Humanism to reject the assumptions of the behaviorist perspective that would be characterized in the following traits of deterministic, focused on reinforcement of stimulus- response behavior and heavily dependent on animal research.
There are four Major Theoretical Perspectives of Social Psychology. The first is Sociocultural where an individual’s behavior is influenced by their surroundings. Second, is Evolutionary, this is how an individual’s psychological traits contribute to survival. Another theoretical perspective is known as Social Learning, which explains how an individual’s past experiences will drive them to either perform a task or not, depending on whether they experienced positive or negative reinforcement. Finally, comes Social Cognitive perspective which describes how an individual will choose where to focus their attention in a given situation.
Roger’s Humanist Theory believes, “That humans are innately good and that they are growth oriented,” (Nye, pg. 105, 2000). Due to the fact that this theory has the belief that individuals are inherently good, Beth’s negative behaviors are not part of her personality, but formed out of her early childhood environment. The Humanistic approach also states, to reach self-actualization, the environment surrounding an individual must be nurturing (Sougstad, Humanistic Psychology, 2018); Beth was not afforded with this type of environment, explaining her negative and harmful behaviors towards her family. In addition, the Humanistic Theory also concludes, “Humans basically need and want both personal fulfillment and close, intimate relationships with others,” (Nye, Pg. 98, 2000). Referring back to Beth’s early childhood environment again, the lack of an appropriate, intimate and caring relationship between her and her biological parents left her without the needed environment to fully develop.
intro Cognitive psychology is one of the very important areas in psychology. It is concerned with mental processes, such as how people think, learn, perceive and remember. In certain situations, an individual’s memory can seal someone’s faith. If a person has been present to a crime, their perception and their memory are seen as crucial to identifying the person who has committed the crime.
When it comes to the science of psychology psychologist are looking deeper into what affects ones behavior and mental health. Looking at the environment, health issues, cognitive, learning, and etc… How does everything affect the overall mental health of a person? 2. Distinguish between a theory, a hypothesis, and an operational definition.
In modern psychology there exist many different psychological approaches studying human behavior with each one focusing on specific aspects to study, employing differing methodologies. Two major approaches (perspectives) are the psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives. Both perspectives attempt to decipher human behavior, but they examine it from quite different views. The behavioral perspective explicitly considers psychology as a science and employs scientific and objective methods of investigation. It assumes that behavior, good or bad, is learned and the environment is the primary factor affecting learning.
According to Wagner, humanistic approach is primarily a reaction to the two major views of humanity which are the Freudian perspective and the behavioral perspective thus humanitaristic approach is the “third force”. Humanistic approach highly gives emphasis to the individual that learning how to learn is more important than acquiring factual knowledge. Teachers can play their role in helping the students how to learn and their thinking gives emphasis rather than teachers’ teaching determination.
Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information. It is concerned with how we attend to and gain information about the world, how the information is stored and how we solve problems, think and formulate languages. It further deals with perception of information, understanding, thought and formulation and production of an answer. Cognitive psychology can be studied in terms of 5 key domains: 1) sensation: The process that allows our brain to take in information via our five senses; vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain.
"The Learning process is built on experience that results in a comparatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential." (Gerrig, 2002). All living beings, animals and humans, learn. Learning is a continuous process, it begins at birth and ends at death. There are many different learning theories and many different theorists with beliefs on how we learn.
With the aid of the two counseling theories, Roger’s personality theory and Adlerian personality theory, I managed to make a personal self-reflection on my values, attitudes, beliefs and how became who am I today. I certainly have an affinity for humanistic approach because it emphasized that every person has their own unique way to perceive and make sense of world. It also focused more understanding people’s subjectivity. The theory under humanistic approach that helped to reflect and gain insight about myself is Carl Roger’s personality theory. The reason I chose this theory because I feel it holds true to my personality development compared and I like his concept and emphasis on the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities.