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Humanistic Theory Of Communication

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Communication According to Bryan (2009) the term communication is when two or more people exchange information verbally and non-verbally in which common set of signs and rules have been used. However, verbal exchange is for example, through writing, reading, speaking and listening while non-verbal is for example, gestures, facial expression, touch etc. Humanistic Theory The humanistic theory was founded by Abraham Maslow where he believes that the successful fulfilment of all the different layers of needs is important in the development of personality. However, self-actualisation is the highest need which means that a person who reaches self-actualisation represents the optimal psychological health as well as functioning. According to Clouston …show more content…

These are called personality structure (Engler, 2013). According to Engler (2013), the id represents the drives and instincts of individuals that motivate them as well as their generic inheritance. Freud gave an example where he thought that visualizing a forthcoming hamburger relieves one anger pang which is known as self-fulfilment. It, however, represents the basic drive, wishes and demands. This is for example, as a trainee recruit, the service users wish and demands must be met through effective …show more content…

Aldo, behaviour is determined by reinforcement of the things that is done which are either positive or negative. However, according to Cherry (2018) Behaviourism is acquired through conditioning which happens through interacting with the environment. These conditions are classified as operant and classical conditioning. Operant conditioning learnt through reinforcement and punishment while classical conditioning is informing by association between two stimuli (Cherry, 2017). In light of the case study, the healthcare staff can use the behaviourism theory to understand the behaviour of service users and why they are behaving in such manner. For example, the new recruits are second language speakers which can cause the service users not to understand them. What they can do is to modify their attitudes as well as their responses which will alter their stimulus condition within the environment or they can change what happens after the responses happen. Cognitive theory (Social learning

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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Skinner in 1938.Operant conditioning is a form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences. The study of the theory only deals with expressible behaviors and not any internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms. Operant Conditioning works by applying two major concepts, Reinforcements and Punishments, after the behavior is executed, which causes the rate of behavior to increase or decrease. Skinner’s Skinner box experiment with a rat is the base for operant conditioning theory and its concepts. The main principle comprises changing environmental events that are related to a person's behavior.

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. 2. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that

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