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Institutionalized Discrimination In Education

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Institutionalized discrimination refers to the unfair, indirect treatment of certain members within a group. Usually, the bias targets specific, easily stereotyped and generalize attributes, such as race, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, and age. Although the United State law forbids direct discrimination and it’s illegal, countless academics, activists, and advocacy organizations assert that as far as they are concerned, indirect discrimination is still persistent and ongoing in the vast majority of our social institutions and as well in our daily social practices. Such institutionalized discrimination includes laws and decisions that reflect racism, for example, the 1896 case between Plessey vs. Ferguson. The case that was ruled in favor of the “separate but equal" public facilities between African Americans and non-African Americans by the U.S. Supreme Court, however, the ruling was rescinded by the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954. …show more content…

This will further increase familiarity with non-binary individuals and combat stereotypes that could arise against them. In summary, gender identity is a complex concept, and with it several misunderstandings. These misunderstandings develop into stereotypes, especially when social institutions foster environments conducive to stereotyping. The two proposed prerequisite solutions above, reforming forms of identification and reforming educational institutions, will serve the greatest impact to eliminating institutionalized discrimination against non-binary members of society (Institutional Prejudice or Discrimination, n,

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The Road to Ending Institutional Racism in America The road to end institutional racism in America was rocky, to say the least. It was filled with many setbacks, and triumphant victories that would shape the course of American history. Two court cases in particular, Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education, played a significant role in challenging Americas “separate but equal” doctrine. The ruling and precedent first set by Plessy v. Ferguson, was then challenged by Brown v. Board of Education, resulting in them relating to each other based on a changed precedent.

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Throughout our existence, many historical events occurred that changed our everyday lives. Although slavery had been formally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, African Americans were still being treated differently than whites. An issue that was often brought to court, was the segregation of black and whites in schools. A major event that occurred that forever changed our lives was the case of Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954. This was the name given to the five separate cases heard by the United States Supreme Court in regards to segregation in public schools.

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A historic case in the U.S. supreme court was called the Brown vs. the Board of Education. Getting a good education is essential and we can see diverse population of students from different nationality in the classroom. However, this wasn’t always the case in the United States. Up until 1954, classrooms were very different than they are today—not allowing African American students to attend schools with white students. This was allowed because of the previous court case of 1896 of Plessy vs. Ferguson.

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Institutional discrimination is when laws favor a dominant group while minority groups are not favored, and this thought process is embedded into the norms of society. The pattern that we see in the history of Native American and African Americans is that white Americans always believed that they were the dominant race and all laws that were created, were made to favor only themselves. One idea that white Americans shared was that both ethnic groups previously mentioned were inferior and that these groups were not capable of coexisting with them. These thoughts were embedded into society early on and were the main justification for both slavery and Indian removal.

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Institutional discrimination focusses on the mistreatment of a larger group of people such as minorities, while individual discrimination focuses on the mistreatment of a single person. I think institutional discrimination is a more serious social issue because for the obvious reason that it affects more people, and also affects the logistics of society on a larger scale, for example, institutional discrimination has affected African-American home buyers. Statistics show that if you are African-American you are sixty percent less likely to get approved for a home loan, not only is their approval chance less but if they do get approved statistics show that their loan interest rates are also higher than that of white people. These statistics are

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1329 Words | 6 Pages

The ruling thus lent high judicial support to racial and ethnic discrimination and led to wider spread of the segregation between Whites and Blacks in the Southern United States. The great oppressive consequence from this was discrimination against African American minority from the socio-political opportunity to share the same facilities with the mainstream Whites, which in most of the cases the separate facilities for African Americans were inferior to those for Whites in actuality. The doctrine of “separate but equal” hence encourages two-tiered pluralism in U.S. as it privileged the non-Hispanic Whites over other racial and ethnic minority

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er Awad Professor Muse SCMA 323: Business Law November 16, 2016 Brown vs. Board of Education: School Desegregation Brown vs Board of Education was one of the biggest cases ever brought upon the Supreme Court and on May 17, 1954, it was unanimously ruled that the segregation of races within public schools was unconstitutional. In fact, at the time of the case, over thirty three percent of public schools were lawfully segregated by race and the court had to decide between the racism within the United States. Dating back to the Civil War time, the United States declared its independence from England with a document known as the Deceleration of Independence; in this document it is stated “all men are created equal,” and this was definitely not

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In the text, “Real History,” Linda Brown, an eight year old African American girl, wanted to attend an all white school only 5 blocks down from her house. However she had been denied and school officials assigned her to a non-white school 21 blocks away from her home. For this reason, her parents filed a lawsuit on the school. Not only did the brown decision reversed the imbecilic doctrine “separate but equal.” The court directed an end to segregation by race in schools across America.

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Keeping African Americans segregated and not treating their condition’s equal led to a even more discrimination resulting in a lack of rights. In the 1896, Plessey vs Ferguson case, the Supreme Court stated that all facilities could be segregated, but they had to be equal. “Requiring railway companies carrying passengers in their coaches in that state to provide equal, but separate accommodations for the white and [African Americans] races, by providing two or more passenger coaches for each passenger train.” (Document F). This quote shows that the train compartments were required to be kept separate but equal.

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Institutional discrimination as a term explores both implicit bias and systemic disparities (this is not to say “the system” is wholly at fault. This is a societal issue people of all races need to work to solve.). An example of a character who deals with implicit bias is Scout, who’s racial viewpoints are (unfortunately) not influenced solely by her father’s, but also those of her classmates and others in her town she interacts with. An example of systemic racism in the novel is the handling of Tom Robinson’s case, and how they knew he would be unable to win solely because of his

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210 Words | 1 Pages

For individual discrimination, it is mainly that through our personal experiences and lessons learned and received in the past, to prejudiced another person. At the same time, institutional discrimination usually produce prejudice to the most of large institutions and organizations for part of the race and ethnic. In current society, individual discrimination is often released in the color issue today; we often are isolated by our own color. Sometimes, people who the white drive in the cars are easier to get forgiveness and understanding of police officers, but for other color race, these people usually tend to be suspects by other people. On the other hand, institutional discrimination is mainly manifested in several areas: economy, education,

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538 Words | 3 Pages

Do all people really know the meaning of racism? Racism is the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races (Dictionary.com). Racism has been in our world for a lifetime. Race has been the key component in separating humans around the world. It has been the leading cause of political and economic conflict.

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Martha Peraza SOC 3340 Inequality in Education California State University, Bakersfield Abstract In the United States, there exists a gap in equality for different demographics of students. The factors contributing to educational disadvantages include socioeconomic struggles, gender of students, language or culture, and particularly for the scope of this paper, race.

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686 Words | 3 Pages

Even the learning aspect of high school can be antagonizing to an intersexed individual. Many of the state exams ask basic questions such as name, hometown, and gender. Not knowing which gender to put would be such an identity crisis. Similarly, the same problem would arise from just trying to decide if you should use the men’s or women’s bathroom. Again, knowing that you were perfectly fit to one or the other would be alienating.

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it is unlawful for any education provider, including a private or independent provider, to discriminate between pupils on grounds of race, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity, and religion or belief in admissions, access to benefits or services, exclusions, and in the employment of staff. There are some exceptions age so as to allow for the maintenance of faith schools and single-sex schools; some disabled pupils and pupils with a statement of “special educational needs” may be segregated in special schools, and schools may temporarily or permanently exclude pupils for disciplinary reasons. Until October 2010, legal prohibitions of discrimination were found in a number of different laws enacted over many years.

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