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Modes Of Courtrooming

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Fourth degree sexual assault defined by state law involves: any intentional touching...either directly or through clothing by the use of any body part or object, of complainant's or defendant's intimate parts if that intentional touching is either for the purpose of sexually degrading; or for the purpose of sexually humiliating the complainant or sexually arousing or gratifying the defendant or if the touching contains the elements of actual or attempted battery (Trudeu, 1993, p.51). All sexual behavior between adult and child, or child and child- being three or more years different in age- is considered sexual abuse. If an adult shows, looks, or touches a child in a sexual way for the adult’s sexual needs, even if there was no involvement …show more content…

The differences in context include intra-familial and extra-familial grooming. Extra-familial grooming is when the child is sexually abused by strangers. The process of 'grooming' explained in the previous paragraph occurs mostly in an intra-familial situation. Intra-familial grooming is when the child is abused by a family member or someone they know very well. This type of abuse is the most accruing one. Incest is a form of intra-familial grooming. Incest is when an older family member is sexually abusing a child or adolescent (RAINN, 2009) while, intra-familial is a type of 'grooming' - gaining the trust of the child and there surrounding to sexually abuse - done inside the family by a family member. A study done in the UK found that 74% of the victims knew their offender and 58% of them were abused by a family member. The subject in the types of grooming includes child grooming, familial and social grooming, and institutional grooming. Child, familial, social, and institutional grooming is the process that we explained in the previous paragraph in which the offender gains the trust of the child and his or her surrounding - family, friends and community. The mode of grooming - the means of approach - can be done 'face-to-face', 'on-line', 'street', and …show more content…

Prevention programs try to educate children about the signs of abusive relationship that can be seen before any physical harm has been done. Parents and adults need to understand that sexual abuse prevention (SAP) is not sexual education. SAP should be discussed with your children just like you discuss every day safety issues (Kozisek, 2014). Children and young people need to learn about sexual abuse and its risks in order to know when to protect themselves or tell their parents or any other trusted adult because they will then know they are not in a normal situation (Gordon, p.175, Kozisek, 2014). Parents fear that the talk about SAP with their kids will take away their innocence or making them anxious because abuse is a horrible thing (Kozisek, 2014). SAP will teach your child that sexual abuse is always wrong - teaching your child to never abuse, increase their knowledge and understanding about sex and sexual abuse and explore to clarify feelings - knowing the difference between "good" and "bad" touch, values and attitudes - developing self esteem (Gordon, p.175-181). Prevention programs should teach the children that there is always a trusted adult they could refer to, how to seek help, refusal skills and most importantly SAP

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The incidence of child abuse and neglect has increased dramatically in the past 25 years; the statistics have risen over 130% since 1980 with 1993 being the first year since 1972 in which the number was less than the previous year. Throughout the years child abuse has had a greater impact on the United States and more thorough research has been brought out. The United States has one of the worst records among industrialized nations, losing more than four children on average every day to child abuse and neglect.(cite source) Among the many forms of child abuse are emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Physical abuse has statistically been in the lead since the 1980’s at 45%, while emotional abuse has been at 22% and sexual abuse has been at

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Some cultural issues can be explained differently in other cultures. For example, parenting includes some types of physical punishment in some cultures. Emotional or psychological maltreatment that attack or neglect the genuine psychological or emotional needs. Sexual abuse is the inappropriate use of another including sexual contact for the purpose of sexual gratification, domination, or both. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior that one person establishes power and control over another person among people have a personal relationship.

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ASCA, n.p. Web. 13 November 2015. As the name suggests, this research takes into account the different types research. The study ensures that all the different types of child abuse are covered in its discussion.

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List the courtroom actors and their function in the courtroom. The principle actors in the courtroom are the lawyers, law enforcement, a U.S. attorney, a court support staff, and other courtroom participants. The judge presides over the courtroom and is responsible for maintaining order, providing the jury with guidance in the interpretation of laws, issues warrants, sets bail, rules on pre-trial motions and is determines sentences within guidelines.

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It is found that from the years 2009 to 2013, a documented 63,000 children were reported as victims of sexual abuse or harassment. Statistically, it is also found that every eight minutes, Child Protective Services find evidence or claims of child sex abuse. The effects of this abuse can be long-lasting and consequently affects the mental health of a victim. It is found that victims who encounter sexual harassment are four times as likely to develop drug abusiveness, post traumatic stress disorders, and three times as likely to develop anxiety or depressive episodes (Children and Teens: Statistics). The consequences of sexual abuse are not only found to be confined to the times of incidents but develop lasting effects on the victims long after the incident occurs.

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Abuse is another thing that has been linked, to problems in a child 's development. The earlier abuse and neglect occur in a child 's life the more severe the impact. Furthermore, the stage of development, while the abuse occurs will influence the type and severity of the consequences. Additionally, the more chronic and long lasting the abuse and neglect, the more harmful it is. When the abuse and neglect are caused, by parents or another significant figure a child, becomes confused because their supposed source of safety is the source of their harm.(Frederico 343).

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Furthermore domestic violence programs can lay out a strong foundation of zero tolerance by better informing young children. This is something that can be instrumental to the minimization of domestic violence. To demonstrate the importance, one must understand that if domestic violence is not accurately identified, there will be consequences. Research shows that program/ caseworker efforts to improve family involvement can make the abuse worse toward the child or non offending parent. Outside program involvement needs to be confidential with the child and conducted in a way that will make the child feel secure.

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Some of these children may not be old enough to have a voice or they just are too shy. By having those in society aware of the signs and symptoms of child abuse we are hoping to break down the cycle. Some parents may not even believe that what they are doing to their child is a sign of child abuse but it could be something that has been passed down from their parents. What parents have to remember is that there are many ways of parenting around the world, this does not mean that anything goes, as long as it’s “cultural”, parents must adapt to what is acceptable in the dominant culture around them (Pennsylvania Family Support Alliance website, 2016, para.

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Child abuse is, thus, the outcome of having cultured or experienced dysfunctional childcare practices, or not having learned these practices. For instance, someone may have violent behavior because he or she has learned it from other aggressive role models, thus they will rely on such ways to discipline their own children as punishment. Though this is theory takes into accounts the importance of the development of an adult, it could not explain why although boys and girls are likely to be abused, still men are mostly represented among the offenders. It could not suffer any abuse become abuser (CORBY, 1993; 2000; BROUGHAM, 1997; BROWNE, 1995; DEACON AND GOCKE,

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Each year in America alone, an estimate of two million children, ranging from infants to teenagers go through minor or major kinds of abuse which include neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. According to the National American Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect represented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse represented 22%, sexual abuse represented 8%, emotional maltreatment represented 4%, and other forms of maltreatment represented12%. It also indicates that child abuse is far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are

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Sexual assault is a form of forced sexual violence. The term sexual assault can be defined as an act in which a person sexually violates a victim without the victims consent. This is one of the most common problems faced by many schools in South Africa, the problem of sexual assault amongst learners in South African school. Sexual assault is an unlawful act, which the perpetrator can be sentenced to jail for practicing it. Sexual assault can be in a form of fondling of unwanted sexual touching, forcing a victim to perform sexual acts such as oral sex or penetrating the victim’s body and torturing a person in a sexual manner.

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It is also called as child molestation. Sexual abuse is any activity with a child, before the legal consent that is for the sexual gratification of an adult or significantly older child. Sexual abuse includes among other things, sexual touching or penetration, persuading a child to expose his/her sexual organs, and allowing a child to view pornography. The two prerequisites for this form of maltreatment include unprotected children and the willingness to act on them. The chances of sexual abuse are higher if the child is developmentally handicapped or vulnerable in some other ways.

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It may involve seduction by a relative or it can be a violent act committed by a stranger. Sexual abuse can take on many different forms. Majority of sexual abuse happens in the stage of adolescence with incest being the cause. Research has found that women who experienced household abuse reported higher current levels of anxiety when thinking about the abuse. While act of sexual abuse may cause more serious impact, many other factors play in influencing the degree of damage the victim experience.

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