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Key Assumptions: A Case Study

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Throughout Jeremy Safran text and video, Shedler, Fonagy, and Westen articles and Hanna Levinson video there were several key assumptions about how psychopathology develops/model of mind, mechanisms of change, and research support within a cultural context was made. Understanding the key assumptions is vital to clinical psychology practitioners. Psychoanalysis gained its reputation through Freud, when he started using it to treat clients that who presented symptoms that other physicians thought was untreatable (Safran,2012, p.9). Although Freud started in medicine, he felt that it should be pluralized. Therefore, psychoanalysis made its way into the psychology field. Even in modern times we are still learning new mechanism about psychoanalysis and finding even more ways to use it successfully to treat clients across different professions in psychology. Thoroughly …show more content…

How Psychopathology Develops/Model of Mind
In the book, Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Therapies key assumptions about how psychopathology develops/ model and mind were made. Three assumptions that’s were mentioned was the seduction theory, structural theory and object relation theory. These theories all take the framework that the way you think about something, in which case would be the psychopathology develops the perception, which could be called the model of the mid. The seduction theory had a shift in it, Freud thought that sexual trauma always lies at the root of psychological problems toward the role of fantasy and instinctual drive (Safran,2012, p.30). However, he later retracted that and believed that children pre-sexual feelings influenced children to behave fantasies about having sexual encounters with adults. The psychopathology of the child influenced them to have the ideology of sexual fantasies with adults. The structural theory was made up of three psychic

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The psychoanalytic perspective is used , with characters to explore the real problems that they go through and how they can be interpreted through a part of the human connection. The theory was brought up by Freud had believed that the aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release pent up emotions and experiences, that make the unconscious conscious, in and that it can have a healing process. Psychoanalytic psychologists see this as a psychological problem that is rooted in the unconscious mind , which is manifested symptoms that are caused by certain disturbances rooted in childhoods, or a trauma that is carried in from on a childhood. With those thoughts in mind, looking through a psychoanalytic lens look at past and present issues that people

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Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. Social Workers of the 1960 and 1970’s were greatly influenced by the idea that human behavior is unconsciously motivated. Psychoanalytic theory is a method of investigating and treating personality disorders and is used in psychotherapy.

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Freud was inspired by this theory and believed that the mind has many flows. One of the strengths of psychodynamic intervention for is its capacity to identify underlying issues such as resentment and anger that may have their genesis in early childhood familial experiences. Secondly, psychodynamic therapy "places heavy emphasis on patients ' relationships and interpersonal experience" (Shedler, 2010, para.

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1. The psychoanalytic analysis in general Psychoanalytic criticism was developed by Austrian neurologist and the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. His theory is based on conscious and unconscious functioning, stages of growth, developments in human behavior and normal and abnormal experiences. If we apply some psychoanalytic techniques like flashbacks, childhood memories and regression, we can uncover the hidden meanings, motivations, repressed dreams and wishes within the text. Major principles of Freud’s theory are the models of human psyche, the psychosexual stages, defense mechanism, the Oedipus complex, dreams and dream symbols.

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Elsa, SUI XINRU True statement 1: For psychoanalysis, it is possible for therapists to misunderstand and misinterpret the unconsciousness of patients. Thus psychoanalysis is not an exact and accurate therapy method. Psychoanalysis is an approach that aimed to detect the inner thoughts inside a person, namely the unconsciousness, and associated it with consciousness to treat mental disorders, meanwhile, contributed to relieving the fear and conflicts in the mind. Nonetheless, even though through certain techniques, such as free association, dream analysis, and analysis of transference, it still required therapists to interpret the abstract and symbolic thoughts of patients.

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What is more, the psychoanalytic theory from Freud, whose treatments were associated with the analyses of the changes along with a person’s entire development, was an example of a mind-emphasized theory and the psychoanalytic theory believed mental states are not identical to physical states, but that they’re still entirely predictable on the basis of nonphysical laws of the mind. And Freud was a deterministic dualist (Kukla & Walmsley,

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Psychoanalytic        Theoretical Views Name of theory: Psychoanalytic Theory Founder of the theory: Sigmund Freud View of human nature (include innate capacities/capabilities and motivational constructs): Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as being deterministic and influenced by both sexual energy and instincts (Corey, 2017). He further identifies that soon after birth instincts drive our desire and force internal motivations into the reality of which we live. Although unconscious desires are the driving forces of existence in the beginning, it does not remain the only force through out our lives. We begin to develop into a conscious being as we recognize the world around us. Our external world introduces the conscious mind by showing us moral code, paternal expectations, and presumptions of societal ideology.

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Greenberg (1986) believes Freud’s case studies do not place enough stress on revealing the outcome of the treatment and that Freud’s aim was more to illustrate his theoretical points (p.240). In cases, Greenberg asserts that many of the presented cases would not even be considered acceptable examples of psychoanalysis and, in short, that virtually all of the cases studies had basic shortcomings (p.240). Furthermore, many other powerful criticisms about Freud inaccurate and subsequently flawed evidence have been published. These critics contend that Freud’s evidence is flawed due to the lack of an experiment, the lack of a control group, and the lack of observations that went unrecorded (Colby, 1960, p.54).

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Freudian Theories IV D.) Theory of Femininity and Female Sexuality Freud questioned how a woman comes into being and “how a woman develops out of a child with a bisexual disposition” (Freud 1933, p. 116). Woman came to be through “penis envy.” As a young girl, she discovers that a boy has a penis and enjoys more sexual pleasure out of it.

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Psychoanalysis was first introduced by Sigmund Freud and is now known as classical psychoanalysis. The theory, as defined by Sigmund Freud, is the dynamic between underlying forces that determine behavior and personality. He stressed the importance of human sexuality, childhood experiences, and the unconscious processes. However, his theory was seen as misogynistic and narrow focused. Consequently, classical psychoanalysis was criticized and rejected by many scholars.

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The Psychoanalytic Theory represents one of the most sweeping contributions to the field of personality. This theory proposes that our childhood experiences and unconscious desires influence our behavior (Talvitie, 2012). William Ford Gibson an American-Canadian writer once wrote, "When you want to know how things really work, study them when they 're coming apart.” The Psychoanalytic theory consists mainly of using methods to bring out unconscious material that needs work on. Understanding as well as establishing that there are all sorts of forces that affect one life which attribute in making us into the individuals that we are at present.

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Introduction The Austrian physician, Sigmund Freud, created a set of psychotherapeutic and psychological theories called ‘psychoanalysis’ as well as derivative works of Josef Breuer and others. He claimed that his psychoanalytical theories was a contribution to science. He re-established the idea that dream had meanings, and that we can discover the meaning through the work of dream interpretation.

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The overabundance of clinically rooted concepts begin to put threat onto the clinical field as such excess of clinical strategies and techniques are mutually incompatible will create a nearly impossible issues in the conduction of psychoanalytic knowledge and skills. (Nunberg, NCBI, 1943) According to Nunberg, NCBI, (1943) the last 30 years; advancements in every aspect of the field in neuroscience have invalidate the basis for the earlier psychoanalytic which result to neglecting this field. Neuroscientists are not anymore troubled with mental disabilities or even organic disorders. Current evaluations of neuroscientific work approve that most of Freud original studies in this field including his works on the universal influence of non-conscious processes and the organizing function of emotions for thinking, have been discovered validity in scientific

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Grünbaum stated that the theory was “fundamentally flawed, even if the validity of his clinical evidence were not in question" but that "the clinical data are themselves suspect; more often than not, they may be the patient's responses to the suggestions and expectations of the analyst". There was a general consensus among critics that Freud’s theory was lacking empirical data, the demographical sample used to determine the efficacy of the theory was limited.10 Some more practical limitations of psychoanalysis would include the extensive time needed for each patient, the fact that it doesn’t work for all patients and sometimes can even surface repressed memories that will exacerbate the patient’s illness. Ultimately, it comes down to the question of whether medical professionals should treat the symptoms of the mental illness or the cause. A combination of psychoanalysis, medication and cognitive – behavioural therapies should be used and embrace the limitations and advantages of each theory/treatment and used

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Psychoanalysis is a system of psychotherapy derived from the discoveries of Sigmund Freud. He believed that a person is driven by sexual and aggression impulses. There are several key concepts to psychoanalysis therapy, those of which include, The Human Nature, The Unconscious Mind, Anxiety, Defense-Mechanism and Psychosexual Stages. Individuals begin to form an approach or an outlook of life on their own during the early first 6 years of their life. Human nature is already determined at birth.

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