Black Student Resistance This section will first discuss the two types of protestors5 proposed by historian Robin Kelley. Then, using the current literature, it will challenge the conception of a monolithic form of Black resistance. In his article, Black historian Robin Kelley (2016) draws attention to the contradictory impulses within contemporary Black student movements on campuses across the nation. According to Kelley (2016), the movement consists of two types of student protesters: (1) those who appeal to the university to “repair a broken community” and (2) those who contend that the university can never be a place of refuge or enlightenment (Moten and Harney 2004). Kelley (2016) considers the “modest” critics as those who seek belonging and inclusion. They nourish the belief that institutions of higher education can be a home, a community, and welcoming place for learning for every student (Duncan 2015) by implementing curriculum changes, such as the …show more content…
This is also the case in Harper’s study on Black male achievers’7 experiences with racial stereotyping at predominantly white colleges and universities. In this study, Harper (2015) collected data from 143 participants who recall numerous experiences with racial microaggressions. See Appendix B for examples that were mentioned by participants in Harper’s (2015) study. As a response to these racial microaggressions, some Black male achievers worked to dispel these stereotypes by participating in out-of-class engagements and student organizations that promoted positive images of Blacks. For example, one participant served as the senior class president at Princeton and noted that “‘serving in this role allows me to shift people’s frames about Black students and our ability to lead at Princeton’” (Harper 2015: