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Little Rock Nine: Thurgood Marshall And Topeka Board Of Education

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On September 4, 1957 a group of nine African American students attempted to enter the all-white Central High, a school in Little Rock, Arkansas. They faced an angry white mob preventing them from integrating the school. Governor Orval Faubus disobeyed President Eisenhower’s command to allow them to enter and called the National Guard to block them. President Eisenhower took action by sending the 101st Airborne Division to handle the situation. The nine students were finally able to attend school and successfully integrated Central High. Other major players involved in the Little Rock Nine Crisis are Thurgood Marshall, Daisy Bates, and Elizabeth Eckford. Thurgood Marshall was a lawyer and the first African- American Supreme Court Justice. …show more content…

This case ordered that schools were supposed to begin integrating as soon as this was declared. Through this case, “Marshall and others challenged the idea of ‘separate but equal’ schools” (Tougas 16). On a legal level, Thurgood Marshall was able to change the situation for African Americans trying to get an education. His explanation against separate but equal caused the court to say “school segregation stripped African-American students of educational opportunities and harmed them emotionally” (Tougas 15). The Little Rock School Board already had a plan to bring black students into white students approved. As a final consensus “the justices concluded that ‘in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place.’” (McKissack 189) He was a person who thought of the moral aspect of segregation because he realized it was wrong. In contrast to Eisenhower, Thurgood Marshall didn’t try to pass the law because he didn’t want anyone questioning his power or that’s what he was expected to do in that …show more content…

As president of the NAACP Kansas Chapter, Bates had a huge role in segregation battles including this one. Unlike other figures, Daisy Bates had a lot of direct contact with the nine African American students. She was able to talk to them and notice how they looked and felt and other’s reactions as well. Daisy Bates called all but one of the students the night before to let them know what would happen. As a result, Elizabeth Eckford was clueless and showed up individually to the High School where she was harassed. Daisy Bates and the NAACP took the case to the supreme court. Daisy Bates was the person who organized the students to attend the high school. She handpicked them carefully, speaking to their parents and even winning conversations with some. Her and her husband also had a newspaper where they reported on these kinds of events. Along with her position in the NAACP, her husband “was the publisher of the largest black newspaper in the state; she was his star reporter” (Williams) Inside her house one day, Ernest Greene recalls the media attention and crowds. He also remembers her telling him that “The fact that the president of the United States has sent the United States Army here to escort you into school means that this government is finally serious about school desegregation.'" (Williams). She worked hard for what she believed in and didn’t hesitate

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There she excelled, but she wanted a greater opportunity for a better education, so she applied to Central High School because of the decision of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. Without her family knowing that she applied, she was chosen to be one of the nine Black students who would attend and integrate Little Rock Central High School. On their first day at Central High School, Beals and the other eight Black students were waited on by crowds of white people who wanted to keep them out of the school. They were greeted with violent acts and hateful language. Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, had sent soldiers from the National Guard to disrupt the integration, temporarily prevented the students from entering the school, and did not protect them.

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When the nine black students tried to attend an all-white school on September 4, 1957, although they had the right, they were denied. Not only were they denied the right from the students but from adults and people of political influence in Arkansas. The Little Rock Nine were part of a major part of the Civil Rights movement and consisted of three boys and six girls. Central High School was the first high school in the south to set to be desegregated since the United States Supreme Court had ruled in Brown vs Board of Education, that separate education was unconstitutional. Inspired, Elizabeth wanted to become a lawyer, and she thought Central would help her realize that dream.

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Daisy Bates was an African American civil rights activist and newspaper publisher who documented the battle to end segregation in Arkansas .She married Journalist Christopher Bates and they operated a weekly African-American newspaper, the Arkansas State Press, Bates became president of Arkansas chapter of the NAACP and played a crucial role in the fight against segregation, which she documented in her book “The Long Of Little Rock.” She died in 1999. Her mother was sexually assaulted and murdered by three white men and her father left her. As a teenager,bates met Lucious Christopher “L.C.” Bates, an insurance agent and an experienced journalist.

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Board of Education signified the first time that the Supreme Court was on the African American side. This court case was a direct challenge to Plessy v. Ferguson, which stated that separate but equal facilities were equal. The book Warriors Don’t Cry is set directly during this period. In 1957, Governor Orval Faubus blocked the integration of nine students from Little Rocks Central High. President Eisenhower eventually became involved for a few reasons; one was because Governor Faubus was making an obvious resistance to federal authority.

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Encounter in Little Rock Nine In 1957, a group of nine African American students, known as the Little Rock Nine, were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. In the landmark case Brown v. Board Education, the U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that segregating public high schools was unconstitutional. As a result of the Brown v. Board Education case, the Little Rock Nine forced Americans to explore issues of race, involve the federal government to enforce desegregation, and set a precedent for education equality. The Little Rock Nine crisis was one of the key events of the Civil Right Movement. Local leader of the NAACP, Daisy Bates, recruited nine African American teenagers to enroll at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

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Not only did this case impact education but as well the case impacted society. After this case was conducted the separate but equal was stripped away in the educational field and equality came slowly along. All the colored signs and white only signs started to disappear in schools and schools started to integrate with all races attending them. Although this case did not change the world overnight this case did over time turn the world around. In the 21st century there are multiple races that attending public schools, and we all use the same equipment.

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Daisy Lee Gatson Bates (November 11, 1914 – November 4, 1999) was an American civil rights activist, publisher, journalist, and lecturer who played a leading role in the Little Rock Integration Crisis of 1957. She also worked for the NAACP (National Association Advancement of Colored People) presidency, along with the head of the Arkansas State Press to show how she truly felt towards the situations. Daisy Bates was trying to prove a message that African-Americans were not dangerous in our society and that everyone was equal in every way. At the time, there weren’t major situations until 1957 when the Little Rock Crisis began. The Little Rock Crisis school officials interviewed approximately eighty black students for Central High School, the largest school in the city and nine students were chosen, “Melba Patillo Beals,

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One of her biggest accomplishments was helping to desegregate the Little Rock High School. Daisy Bates received many awards for her outstanding work in the Civil Rights Movement. Works Cited “Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson (1914-1999) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed.” BlackPast. Org, www.blackpast.org/aah/bates-daisy-1914-1999.

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‘’Today's Constitution is a realistic document of freedom only because of several corrective amendments. Those amendments speak to a sense of decency and fairness that I and other Blacks cherish.’ (https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/thurgoodma401255.html) Thurgood marshal is Americans first African - American first Supreme Court justice.

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Thurgood Marshall played a part in the change through his rulings on the Supreme Court and by helping defend others like on the decisive Supreme Court case “Brown v. The Board of Education”. As Marshall stated once "The position of the Negro today in America is the tragic but inevitable consequence of centuries of unequal treatment . . . In light of the sorry history of discrimination and its devastating impact on the lives of Negroes, bringing the Negro into the mainstream of American life should be a state interest of the highest order. To fail to do so is to ensure that America will forever remain a divided society" (“The man who turned racism into history THE LAW’If white supremacy has subsided in the United States, it’s largely due to Thurgood Marshall of the Supreme Court.”, par 10). African Americans were mistreated, viewed as lower class, and were not equal in the eyes of the people or the law.

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The Little Rock Crisis marked the height of racial tensions on a political scale, with the 101st Air Division being called in to enforce the Supreme Court ruling. The sacrifices made by the Little Rock Nine paved the way for the equality-driven education standards we take for granted in modern times. For example, affirmative action policy was started in the 60’s by John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson as a way to combat discrimination and support the racial minorities within American society. Despite the controversy it generates today, Affirmative Action has put traditionally underrepresented ethnic groups through school in an otherwise

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It stated “in the field of education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place” as segregated schools did not abide by this standard. He also stated that colored children who were being refused of going to all-white schools were being deprived of their 14th amendment right. In a second opinion case, known as Brown v. The Board of Education II, the Supreme Court decided to remand further cases about desegregation to help move along the process of desegregation. Many schools followed these new laws, but the call to remand desegregation cases allowed schools to find loopholes so that they didn’t have to desegregate the schools. Many schools in the South still refused to desegregate their

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Many of the children in the schools were hurt and felt like they were nobodies. This quote from Dr Hugh W. Speer explains exactly how the children felt. " ...if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored child's curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation. " Most of the black children at the schools weren't getting the accurate education that they deserved, therefore Oliver Brown and other plaintiffs decided to go to the Topeka Kansas court, and fight for

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In 1957, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas’s decision, segregation in public education violated the Fourteen Amendment, but Central High School refused to desegregate their school. Even though various school districts agreed to the court ruling, Little Rock disregarded the board and did not agree to desegregate their schools, but the board came up with a plan called the “Blossom plan” to form integration of Little Rock High despite disputation from Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus. Desegregating Central high encountered a new era of achievement of black folks into the possibility of integrating public schools, and harsh resistance of racial integration. Although nine black students were admitted into Little Rock harsh violence and

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In September of 1957 Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was no longer labeled as an all-white school because of the Brown vs. Board of Education Law, ("Little Rock Nine"). The first group of black students to enroll in this school are now known as The Little Rock Nine. On these students ' first day of class, they were yelled at by the white students and parents. This group of students wanted to stand up for their rights because at this time white people had more rights and a chance at having a better education. Not every black child had the opportunity to get a good education and they wanted to see a change.

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