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Essay On Malignant Melanoma

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The need of perioperative histology in malignant melanoma and sentinel lymph node biopsy 1. INTRODUCTION A noteworthy increase in melanoma incidence have been observed in the last few decades, this has led to an improvement in the diagnostic ability and early treatment that has led to an increase in the survival index. Even though, there has been improvement in the management of the disease, this has still not resulted in better control of neoplastic spread to regional lymph nodes for lesions that are thicker than 0.76 mm. Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm arising from melanocytes. Melanocytes are melanin producing cells that are located in the bottom layer of the epidermis, which is called the stratum basale and they are also present in hair follicles. Melanocytes are a type of specialized skin …show more content…

To identify a SNL, injection of blue dye or radiolabeled colloid around the surrounding area of the tumor is done. This will identify the SNL in most of the patients, and the status of the SNL closely predicts the status of the surrounding regional lymph nodes in that area. An example is, in patients that have breast cancer and are clinically tested and identified as node-negative, the sentinel lymph node biopsy will in this case be identified without axillary node involvement. This will therefore obviate the need of a more extensive surgery. Despite the fact that there is a lot of variability in the selection criteria and the technique, SNL is steadily identified in about 96% of the cases, and it predicts the status of the remaining axillary lymph nodes in less than 95% of the cases. The false negative rate of a SNLB was reported to be set between 5-10%, but lower rates are achievable by experienced

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1. Write a brief introduction about the diagnostic imaging modality. Nuclear medicine is a section of medical imaging that uses radioactive medication known as radiotracers or radiopharmaceutical (Understanding nuclear medicine, 2009). Radiotracers are given to the patient through injection, swallowing or inhalation, which makes the body radioactive for a short time. The radiation is detected by a special camera, and then the image is produced.

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so it was negative. My result was colorless for the Voges Proskauer (VP) test so it was negative. The Gelatin (GEL) test result had no diffusion of pigment so that showed it was negative. The Glucose (GLU) result was yellow so it was positive, and the Mannitol (MAN) result was blue-green so it was negative. The Inositol (INO), Sorbitol (SOR), Rhamnose (RHA), and Sucrose (SAC) test results were all blue-green so they were all negative, as well as the Amygdalin (AMY) test.

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When I see somebody with cancer, I get really mad, I say to myself, ”Why must this disease be real. Why did God create something so horrible that it can affect anybody.” If it was I who had ten million dollars, I would donate it to St.Jude's Cancer Research Facilities because it is a deadly disease, it is a real-nonprofit research organization, and it covers all expenses for families. Cancer is among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. This disease takes nearly eight million lives every year.

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- Phalen test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Extend the patient’s elbow and flex the wrist for 60 seconds. Result is positive if it repro¬duces paresthesia in the median nerve distribution (68% sensitivity, 73% specificity)(5). - Tinel sign at the carpal tunnel (CTS): Tapping sharply over the flexor retinaculum and see the result. If it repro¬duces paresthesia in the median nerve distribution test is considered positive (50% sensitivity, 77% specificity)(5). These two tests were negative.

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The major treatment for skin cancer is done by removing the abnormal cells, or destroyed, by topical drug therapy.(7) In most cases, the treatment of skin cancer requires only local anesthesia, and can be implemented treat skin cancer on an outpatient basis.(7) Sometimes it may not require, any extra treatment, but if the situation necessitated additional treatment, including potential is freezing, surgical resection, laser treatment for skin cancer, or microscopic surgery.(7) In conclusion, skin cancer is one of the most fatal disease in the world.

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Melanocytes cells are commonly found in part of the outer layer of skin, which is known as the epidermis. The color of any individual’s skin is produced by melanin. When skin is being exposed to the sun, melanocytes are producing more melanin, or pigment, causing the skin to gradually darken (Melanoma).

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Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Squamous Cell Carcinoma is also found on the body that receives a lot of sun exposure. They, along with Basal Cell Carcinomas, are usually found on the facial region and the hands and may look like a sore that will not heal. Unlike Basal Cell Carcinoma, this type of skin cancer can spread to your lymph nodes. 3. Melanoma: This type of skin cancer shows up in the pigment of the skin.

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My interest in cytopathology sparked during my first month of pathology training when we were called for a parotid mass fine needle aspiration, it was a case of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, seeing my attending describe the morphology of the cells to render that diagnosis, was not only inspiring but also exciting. Since that moment I waited eagerly for my first cytopathology rotation . I enjoyed every second of my cytology and FNA rotations where I was able to gain hands on experience performing FNAs, and I also realized how crucial is the patient interaction in this specialty for which my previous experience as a clinician gave me great advantage. Cytopathology is an extremely challenging field that pushes a diagnostician to integrate the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features of each disease to reach the correct diagnosis.

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Every person loves to go to a hot beach and go tanning. Every year more than 3.5 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed. (1) Although as we are enjoying ourselves we are actually hurting our bodies extremely. If you are going on a sunny beach vacation be smart about what you are doing. Have you ever thought about that?

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Tn Mesothelioma Lawyers-They could get you the reimbursement you should have Tn mesothelioma, asbestos cancers law firms, will let you have the reimbursement you should have should you have endured due to forget or perhaps wrongful measures involving somebody else. Those asbestos corporations which exposed that you asbestos exposed you, figuring out the dangers interested in this kind of exposure. This kind of swiftly distribution cancers is actually attributable to the inhalation involving asbestos particles as well as fibers.

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Aneurysm Introduction: The term aneurysm is derived from the Greek word aneurysma meaning “a widening”. An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward bulging likened to a bubble or balloon. Aneurysms are a result of a weakened blood vessel wall and may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus for thrombosis and embolization.

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The Dangers of Tanning “Today, more than 3.5 million skin cancers are diagnosed each year in the United States. That’s more than all other cancers combined” says Stacy Simon form cancer.org. In the article “Indoor tanning” it says that there is a “higher melanoma rates among young females compared to young males.”

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It can also develop in a single cell when certain genes like BRAF get mutated due to exposure of environmental factors. Which is the most common gene thats related in causing melanoma. When there is damage to the skin from the suns UV rays, or tanning beds it causes mutations in the BRAF gene that can cause the skin cells to uncontrollably multiply and form malignant tumours (Dermnets, 2011). The tumours begin in the melanocytes specialized in making melanin, the pigment carrying skin cells known to give the skin its colour and cause it to tan, by delivering pigment to other cells (Cancer org, 2015). Over exposure to the sun, in particular sunburns are said to be the leading cause of melanoma (Reliant medical group, 2014).

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If a patient does not have a rash that presents itself, they can undergo blood tests to diagnose this disease. The first blood test includes ELISA. This tests for the amount of antibodies in the blood that are against the Lyme disease bacteria. If this first blood test is positive the patient then undergoes a Western Blot (Centers for Disease). This includes running the blood the test the antibodies against proteins found on the Lyme disease bacteria.

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Hemangioma is a common type of. It is a tumor-like birthmark of cells called endothelial cells. You can get hemangioma anywhere in your body. Most appear during the first weeks of life, and then grows rapidly for 6-12 months. They start to shrink which may take 7 years.

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