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Adolf hitler's influence in world war two
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Validity of obedience in milgram experiment 1961
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Milgrams study of obedience is about the tendency to conform to authority Milgram uses a doctor in a lab coat to represent authority and used volunteer subjects to shock another subject if they do not repeat three word correctly it can be compared to the villagers in Barrnetts article because Milgrams study showed that over 50% of the test subjects are willing to do what the authority the doctor in this case instructions or commands. It was proven on how far they went in shocking the other subject with the highest setting on the shocking device. The same can be linked on what the Nazi’s did to the villagers in Muanchaussen with the swift and decisive ways they took care of protesters made the Nazi’s the authority and must be adhered too in any case. And that even if people know it is wrong they still listen to the authority this is the case with the employees like the doctors and nurses also including the maintenance man working in the euthanasia camp they continue to do what they are told to do even when they know what is happening is
Ian Parker, author of “Obedience”, provides accurate depictions of the immediate and long-term effects of Dr. Stanley Milgram’s Experiment. In addition, he includes that under complex situations, individuals are easily induced to react through a destructive manner (Parker103). Americans commonly underestimate the influences of a situation; however, Parker thoroughly delineates the consequences behind blind obedience (Parker 104). Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton, authors of “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” construe the atrocity of blind obedience committed by the United States Military. In March of 1968, crimes of obedience occurred due to an elusive order commanded by a higher ranked officer (Kelman&Hamilton 131).
In Erich Fromm’s “Disobedience As A Psychological And Moral Problem,” Fromm argues that most people don’t always obey their bosses, spouses, etc. He portrays that people that cannot obey, is a rebel and they feel that if they act out their anger, resentment on other people is the right thing to do; rather than obey and use the power of reason. In chronological order, he lists different examples like Adam & Eve and Prometheus; and how they handled the consequences after they disobeyed. After reading this article, I agree and disagree with the article, from personal experience with disobeying and obeying my bosses. People I have come across in my life state they feel that obeying a superior or spouse means that you are being a slave to what
After World War II, several of the Nazi soldiers were questioned about their reasoning behind the corrupt actions they were guilty of---killing hundreds of thousands of men and women, destroying families in the process, and marking their time as a dark part of history. Who on earth would do such a thing? What could their excuse possibly be? Well, to them, they were simply following orders. It’s obvious to believe that the soldiers would find their humanity and resist their commands, but they didn't.
Obedience is the process by which individuals comply with the instructions given by an authoritative figure. In terms of religion that “authoritative figure” would be a priest, pope, or any person in which they recite to you the teachings of God, Jesus, Allah, or the Divine. In reason to this everyone definition of what religion means to them is based off of the interpretations of the Holy Scriptures and Scared Texts that are usually taught to them by their religious leaders. In most societies that is how everything set up, but it leaves room for individuals to take whatever daily word that was taught and apply it to their daily lives. When other authoritative figures such as influential political leaders arise, they will twist the words of
“Our Scars Tell the Stories of Our Lives” by Dana Jennings is an autobiographical story about Jennings scar and how they came to be. Jennings is telling the story in the first person. Jennings used quite a bit of description to describe some of the scars that he mentioned in his story. Throughout the story, Jennings is personal connecting us with the scar. Since most people through their childhood get scratches and bump, Jennings used that to connect to his readers.
Ultimately, the behaviours executed by the group of policemen is suggested to be replicable, as some aspects of the consequences of the behaviours of the policemen and the results of both Zimbardo’s and Milgram's experiments paralleled. The Stanford prison experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo yielded similarly chilling results: a nucleus of increasingly enthusiastic killers who volunteered for the firing squads and "Jew hunts"; a larger group of policemen who performed as shooters and ghetto clearers when assigned but who did not seek opportunities to kill (and in some cases refrained from killing, contrary to standing orders, when no one was monitoring their actions); and a small group (less than 20 percent) of refusers and evaders. (Browning 168) Likewise, just like some of the subjects from Stanley Milgram’s experiment on the topic of obedience to authority, the policemen “mitigated their behaviour when they could do so without personal risk but were unable to refuse participation in the battalion's killing operations openly” (Browning 176).
(What does the study add to our understanding of the phenomenon?) People are much more likely to obey someone of authority than expected, even if it is against their beliefs or morals. Something such as Hitler’s rise to power could have been just as possible in the United States because Americans are just as likely as the Germans to continue to do something that they know is
Karen Perez Professor Cirlio English 102 March 7,2023 Formal Essay #2 Final Draft What is obedience? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, obedience is compliance with an order, request, law, or submission to another's authority. Whether individuals are aware of it or not, obedience is an integral part "in the structure of their social lives. " The children are submissive to their parents, and the parents are submissive to their elders. Everyone is subservient to someone, whether it be an employer, the police, or the law; obedience is a part of the social hierarchy.
Obedience is compliance with an order/law or submission to someone’s authority. People often obey authority figures, even if it goes against their moral beliefs for several reasons: “Legitimacy” of authority: In any social, political or organizational environment, authority figures frequently occupy positions of responsibility and influence. the belief that these individuals have the right to decide or issue commands may cause people to obey them even when they don't agree. Socialization: People learn early on to listen to and obey parents, teachers, and law enforcement as examples of authoritative adults. The sense of duty and obligation to submit to authority is created by this socialization.
Obedience is when people listen to directions from an authority figure, often without questioning reasoning, While there are societal benefits to obedience, like people listening to directions from firefighters, lifeguards, and others who work to keep people safe, there are also potential negative impacts of the obedience modern society has managed to cultivate. For example, “Obedience is often at the heart of some of the worst of human behavior- massacres, atrocities, and even genocide” (Burger 4). These horrendous
In both Milgram's experiment and the Holocaust by cultivating an “us and them” mentality ordinary people were able to undermine their own feelings of responsibility (Newman 15). Thus obedience not a massive group of heartless individuals contributed to the events during the Holocaust, as was shown with fundamental psychology gained by Milgram’s obedience
In Fromm 's essay "Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem" he talks about the reason why people are obedient. Fromm states that they are obedient because most people do not have enough courage to be alone. Whey they are obedient, it makes them feel secure because they are accepted by society. On the other hand, disobedience is not accepted by society, so if people disobey, they become an outsider. For instance, if a person is raised to think that stealing is wrong, they have also witnessed how others who do steal are treated by society.
Milgram himself concluded how easily ordinary people ‘can become agents in a terrible destructive process. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with fundamental standards of morality, relatively few people have the resources needed to resist authority". (Milgram 1974) As this report has highlighted the research is not without controversy with many questioning to what extent Milgram’s experiment is true to real life and has been criticized for not highlighting further situational variables in determining obedience to authority. Regardless of this, there is no doubt Milgram highlighted a rather troubling phenomenon.
We have been trained to be obedient to authority. This quality is deep-rooted in us all from the manner in which we were brought up. It is natural for people to obey orders from those whom they recognized as their authority. This is the natural response to legitimate authority and can be learnt in a variety of situations. In a summary written in the article “The Perils of Obedience” (Milgram 1974), states: “The legal aspects of obedience are of enormous import, but they say very little about how most people behave in concrete situations.”
