Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper

RAIN STIMULATION BY DIRECT CURRENT AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1. Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive (1), idiopathic inflammatory disease (2), which is presumed to be resulting from demyelination of axons and subsequent axonal deterioration in scattered areas of central nervous system(CNS) (3)(4). The progression of MS is highly unpredictable and is characterized at the outset by the episodes of reversible neurological deficits without following any regular pattern, often followed by gradual neurological degradation over time. (5)

In the United States, 250,000 to 350,000 patients have been reported to have MS (6), and 50% of patients are presumed to need assistance in walking within 15 years after the MS onset. (7)

Despite

Recent developments in MS drug therapies have proposed passage of leukocytes across the BBB as being of supreme significance for disease pathophysiology. Histopathological studies have reported abnormalities of this barrier in inactive MS lesions as well as normal appearing white matter.(9)

1.1. Risk factors of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis afflicts people of virtually all ages across the world, although it has a special preference for women over men by a ratio of nearly two to one, and it strikes in adults 20 to 45 years of age most often; very occasionally, is found in children and teenagers.(8) Particularly, Caucasians are at the risk to develop MS, especially of northern European descent.

MS tends to cluster slightly within families, Though clearly not inherited in a simple Mendelian pattern, as there is a 1 to 5% risk of developing MS if a parent or sibling has the disease, and at least a 25% concordance among monozygotic twins.(5)

According to a PSN report, around 5% of the people in Pakistan are afflicted by this disease and every year around 400 new cases of MS are emerging.

Most patients and physicians develop an unfounded perspective of MS as a progressively worsening, inevitably impairing disease. In actual, 15 years after the onset of multiple sclerosis, only about 20% of the patients become paralysed or institutionalized. 20% patients become wheelchair bound, or depend on crutches, but 60% patients are ambulatory without any kind of supporting medium and some have little deficit at all. As many as 1/3 of all the MS patients go through life without any relentless disability, and suffer infrequent, short-term episodes of the