Study of Organic Compounds that Contain Oxygen
Gutierrez⁺, Gomez, Granda, & Hernadez
Department of Biology, College of Science
University of Sto. Tomas, España Blvd., Manila
Date Submitted: October 22, 2014
ABSTRACT:
Administering Dichomate Test, Tollen’s Test, Lucas Test, DNPH Test, Hydroxamic Acid Test and Iodoform Test, the common oxygen bearing organic compounds and functional groups will be distinguished through this methodical experimentation. Utilizing the different reagents and techniques, the reaction of the solution or compounds will reveal the identity of each standard compound. After the result is observed and noted, unknown samples were given, to be subjected to the same chemical test in order to identify the unknown compound.
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Observe after 5 minutes. Potassium Dichromate is used to oxidize alcohol into aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketone. The 1⁰ alcohol and 2⁰ alcohols are oxidized into carboxylic acid and aldehydes which turned the solution into a dark green liquid. While 3⁰ alcohol are oxidized into ketones that turned the solution into orange liquid.
• TOLLEN’S TEST Mix 2ml Tollen’s reagent and 10 drops of sample. Place in a warm water bath for 5 minutes and observe. For Tollen’s Test the aldehyde will only react and will result to silver mirror coat because this reagent includes diamminesilver(I) ion, [Ag(NH3)2]+. Aldehydes reduce [Ag(NH3)2]+ into metallic silver.
• LUCAS TEST Mix 10 drops of sample and 20 drops of 5% ZnCl2/HCl and observe. Alcohols that are stable in carbocation will undergo a reaction. The solution that is generated will cause cloudiness (turbid) or will be immiscible.
• DNPH TEST Mix 10 drops of sample add 10 drops of DNPH reagent and observe. A carbon-oxygen double bond will get an orange precipitate if it’s a ketone and aldehyde will get yellow precipitate.
• HYDROXAMIC
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Ethyl Acetate: Ethyl Acetate is an ester it cannot undergo oxidation since it’s a C=OH because it involves the removal of hydrogen in the –OH group, that results to an orange solution, ester also go to a process of hydrolysis therefore it became immiscible since the carbon of the carbonyl group of an ester is attacked by the nucleophile.
TOLLEN’S TEST
Methanol, 2-Propanol and 3-Butanol Since Tollen’s test is used to determine the presence of aldehyde and ketone, methanol, 2-propanol, 3-butanol and ethyl acetate produced no reaction to the reagent. Alcohols cannot oxidize given that the reagent is a mild oxidizing agent.
Formalin:
The tollen’s reagent is made from silver(I) nitrate it reacts strongly to aldehyde which formaldehyde is made of, it is oxidize to a carboxylic acid and reduce the silver ions of the reagent to form a silver coat/ metallic silver.
Acetone:
Acetone is a ketone and cannot be oxidized easily which resulted to no reaction against the reagent.
Ethyl Acetate: Since Ethyl Acetate is an ester and cannot go oxidation which lead to no reaction in the solution.
LUCAS TEST