Plessy Vs Ferguson

“The legal battle against segregation is won, but the community battle goes on.” — Dorothy Day. This quote from American activist Dorothy Day explained the war against segregation in the 1950s-1960s perfectly. New Rochelle residents pushed to end de facto segregation by dealing with the Lincoln elementary School issue by attacking the unconstitutional practices of the Board of education legally. However no matter what any citizen in America attempted to do the issue of segregation would not be solved without the assistance of the federal government. In the 1950s-60s segregation was being attacked legally and constitutionally in the United States for the first time since Plessy vs Ferguson. Many instances can be found of this such as the Brown

Although the Brown V. Board case was a landmark victory in the battle against desegregation, it failed to win the war against desegregation. By ruling in favor of the plaintiffs the Supreme Court destroyed the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson in regards to public education and mandates the desegregation of schools across America however this decision failed to provide a date for said desegregation to take place by. Due to this failure, the South and elsewheres, reaction to the Brown decision was swift and abrasive. West Virginia led by segregationist Senator Harry Byrd, and he issued a "Southern Manifesto" calling for "Massive Resistance" to school integration as well as all forms of racial integration. The strategy to maintain school segregation was widely adopted by school boards and state governments throughout the South, and by 1956 Byrd had gotten the backing of more than 100 southern office-holders who all signed the manifesto. In Virginia, for example, the 1954 the Democratic Party gubernatorial campaign platform resolves that, "The state [will] oppose it [integration] with every facility at our command, and with every ounce of our energy." The details of "Massive resistance" to school integration vary from state to state and county to county. Alabama Attorney General John Patterson explained it this way: “We concluded then that we could

This can be seen in Little rock crisis; a crisis caused by the Little Rock Nine. The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The students were being integrated into the nearly all-caucasian school due to the Brown V Board decision forcing racial desegregation. Consequently, their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus challenged efforts by the school board to institute a gradual school desegregation process and ordered state National Guard troops to defy Federal law and stop nine African-American students from attending an all-white high school. As television spread images of the subsequent mob violence around the world, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in the following radio and television address on September 24, 1957, announced his reluctant response: “Mob Rule Cannot Be Allowed to Override the Decisions of Our Courts”. Despite his disapproval of the Brown decision, Eisenhower, became the first president since Reconstruction to send Federal troops to protect the rights of African Americans.They then attended after President Dwight D. Eisenhower intervened and sent federal troops to escort the students into the school building. Although