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Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Difference in prokaryotes to eukaryotes
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In this three-week long experiment conducted in the Bio 13 Lab, we were able to analyze a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in our own genomic DNA and then determine our genotype at this specific SNP. In week one, we extracted genomic DNA from our cheek cells with swabs and prepared our DNA for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) that would amplify the region with the intended SNP of interest. After one week and after the PCR was run outside of the lab section, the resulting PCR product was purified and treated with restriction enzyme Ahdl in order to prepare for the final analysis of our genotypes. In the third and final week of the project, we analyzed our PCR products by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. By the conclusion of the experiment, we had completed the analysis at the SNP of interest and determined our genotypes for this SNP.
Name: Avishak Deb Roy Partners: Leevell Penn, Varugh, Butler Bio 101 Lab Report #1 02.22.2018 Swimming speed of paramecium tetraurelia in different levels of treatment. Introduction Paramecia is a unicellular Protista which are naturally found in aquatic habitats. It is easily cultured in the laboratory. It is oblong shaped and covered with short hairy structure called cilia. Paramecia does not pose any health or ethical concerns and the population can be maintained if there is a food source such as Enterobacter (Biological Foundation 7).
Purpose: To identify an unknown microorganism by performing a series of biochemical tests on a pure bacterial culture. Materials and Methods: Tests: Lactose fermentation: Fermentation makes energy available for use by microorganisms by anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates. The product can either be an acid or gas. When it is positive, the broth will turn from red to yellow and if gas is present a bubble is formed.
In this experiment, we cultivated an unknown specimen containing two microorganisms. The purpose of this experiment was to use a variety of biochemical test previously learned in the lab to identify the unknown bacteria. The identification of unknown bacteria is a major part of microbiology. Microbiologist observe samples such as blood and sputum in the laboratory for the presence of microorganisms. Identifying unknown bacteria is extremely important in clinical settings because it helps physicians find treatment for infections.
Transformation in bacteria usually takes place when a bacterial cell accepts strange DNA and integrates to its own DNA. The transformation normally takes place within plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules that have been separate from its own chromosome. The copies of the same plasmid range from 10 to 200 copies within a cell. These copies of plasmids may multiply when the chromosome replicate or multiply independently. One plasmid has a range of 1,000 to 200,000 base pairs.
Biology 15 Lab # 3 Professor Passerini September 23, 2015 Scot Albert Lab #3 Questions 1, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6a, 7, and 8 Table 3.1 - all columns except the last one. -------------------------------------------------- 1- a-Upside down and backwards b- If you move it right, the image moves left If you move it left, the image moves right c -
The purpose of this lab is to determine the relationship that exists between the number of amylase gene copies and ancestral diet. As the human civilization moved forward toward agriculture the diets of humans also changed. Depending on where the humans originated would give insight to how much of their diet was starch based. My family’s geographic origins are from China. Thus knowing that the country has a high starch based diet, we would suggest that I would have a high amylase production.
The amount of water the plants need every day for their daily activities such as for growth and photosynthesis is small when compared to what is really lost because of transpiration. Plants have specialized pores called stomata which are in charge for allowing the passing of materials. The stomata pores are surrounded by cells called guard cells whose function is to expand and contract so that they can open and close the stomata. So for example when the plant is losing too much water the guard cells close to stop that.
In the 1950’s two more kingdoms were added the Monerans and Fungi creating the five kingdom classification system. Prokaryotes were placed in the moneran kingdom. With new discoveries scientists decided that prokaryotes needed their own “domain”. As of today prokaryotes are classified in to Archae and Bacteria, and all the other ones are part of the Eukaryotes. Protists are their own kingdom because they are a unique group of organisms.
Visual, Physical, and Metabolic Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells There are many difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote cells. For example the way they maintain homeostasis. As students we must research into why cells have such distinctive differences, and how the cell survive off of these differences. In order to learn more about the difference along with similarities between cells we took many types of cell under a microscope.
List three characteristics that distinguish fungi from other groups of eukaryotes. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms; their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and have a distinct nucleus. Fungi can be found almost everywhere such as in soil, air, lakes, rivers, seas, plants, animals, foods, clothing, and within the human body. Fungus can seem scary but they actually beneficial for everyday life; fungi are known as the world’s natural decomposers. They act to breakdown organic material dead or alive to release carbo, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the earth’s soil and atmosphere.
Life Science 1 Lab Assignment Week 1 – Demo 1F Jing Dong UID: 504706115 Introduction The purpose of this lab was to use scientific method though a experiment, which include making observations, construct a hypothesis and test the hypothesis by the experiment. In this lab, the experiment is designed to use scientific method to observe the patterns of where do squirrel apply snake scent to their fur and to determine the behavior of two species of squirrels, which are Spermophilus beecheyi and Spermophilius variegates.
Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in numerous ways. Prokaryotes cells are less complicated than eukaryotes in fact prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, organelles, and like eukaryotes it does have DNA, but at its structure is circular in the nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells have a linear structure for DNA, but unlike prokaryotes it does have organelles, a nucleus and it goes through exo- and endo- cytosis. With this in mind, eukaryotic cells aren’t simple at all comparing it prokaryotes in fact eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes, they are about 10-100 micrometers while prokaryotes are about 1-5 micrometers .However, in plants which is a eukaryote and some prokaryotes have cell walls, but they are made at out completely different material for prokaryotes its peptidoglycan and for eukaryotes its cellulose.
The purpose of phylogenetic trees are to show the evolutionary history and relationships of different species. The two ways that phylogenetic trees can be constricted by are molecular-based and morphological-based. Molecular-based trees compare whole genome sequences of species (Lundmark 2003). Morphological trees look at the physical phenotypic appearances of different species as a way to separate them (Karaguzel 2009). On account of this, we hypothesized that the molecular-based phylogenetic tree would produce more congruent and reliable results than the morphological-based tree.
Introduction The purpose of this lab is to use control variables to help identify different macromolecules. Biological systems are made up of these four major macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are sugar molecules (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides) which make them the most abundant macromolecule on the earth. Lipids (oils and fats, phospholipids and steroids) are insoluble in water and perform many functions such as energy source, essential nutrients, hormones and insulators (Lehman, 1955).
