Segregation Chapter Summary

“Segregation by Kuper L”: In this reading, we start by reading and understanding the word “segregation” in page 114, “segregation is an institutionalized form of social distance expressed in physical separation.” This signifies a convergence of physical and social space and it’s to distinguish other social forms. In that same page it mentions how the systems of segregation vary in the criteria which distinguish the segregated groups whether biological, cultural, or status, and in the situations or roles which are segregated. In page 146, it mentions segregation in the United States, “segregation in the United States has rested on such varied aspects of pluralism as race, ethnic background, religion, and culture, or combinations of these, in

In page 18 mentions how the word ghetto is defined, “the urban ghetto constructed during the first half of the twentieth century and successively reinforced thereafter, represents the key institutional arrangement ensuring the continued subordination of blacks in the United State. The term “ghetto” means different things to different people.” However, out use of the term “ghetto” is more about racial appearances of a neighborhood. The author later mentions the spiral of neighborhood decline. For instance, poor people in the ghetto can’t afford to repair their homes, so they fall into disrepair, lowering the values of the houses around them. This makes it difficult for anyone to sell or repair their home, or to secure a loan. Decrepit homes serve as hotbeds for crime, leading to a lack of trust in the area, which decreases the odds that the people in these neighborhoods will band together or help each other to get through. Also, as the neighborhood falls apart, businesses move out, causing the poor who are in the ghetto area to have to pay more for goods than other people, because they either need to get them outside the ghetto or be at the mercy of whatever small store remains within it. It is a spiral which feeds

For example, in the economy the report traces this racial inequality across different measures and sectors. While higher levels of education tend to help alleviate unemployment and increase income among Black and Latinx Chicagoans, both groups still lag whites with the same degree, and sometimes behind whites with fewer years spent in school. The report also shows that most Black and Latinx wealth is in the homes they own, as opposed to more “liquid” assets more, like stocks and bonds—which can be converted more quickly to cash. In housing, argues that segregation not only disproportionately affects communities of color but also “costs lives, income, and potential” all across the city. Lastly, education the report extends the definition of segregation to not only racial divisions but also the educational consequences of class inequalities. High-poverty schools are often in majority Black and Latinx neighborhoods and often employ less experienced and less qualified teachers, experience high levels of teacher turnover, and lack effective peer groups, facilities, and learning