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Social Bond Theory

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Many factors and reasons can explain why it is that juveniles commit certain actions and explain why some of them are delinquent. Due to these actions which are committed by juveniles, there certain theories that can help to identify why they commit these specific actions. Theories such as the control or social bond theory, opportunity theory and the trait theory can help to highlight why it is that these juveniles commit the delinquent actions. Siegel (2012) highlights that the social control or social bond theory, developed in 1969 by Travis Hirschi, states that people have the potential to violate the law and that modern society presents many opportunities for illegal activity. Siegel (2012) also highlights that person break the law due to a breakdown with their societal bond by typical social behaviours. That is to say that individuals who commit deviant acts, …show more content…

They explain how the subculture has an effect on an individual’s upbringing. Due to these cultural transmissions, individuals easily learn criminal roles. Since the theory - delinquency and opportunity helps to show a correlation between the two, then it would imply that the individual must have access to illegitimate means in order for one to become delinquent. The trait theory also highlight why juveniles commit delinquent actions. According to this theory, all persons are aware and fear the sanctioning of the law, but some are unable to control their urges and passion (Siegel, 2012). Siegel (2012) also states that they are broken down in to biological and physiological make-ups. This theory suggests that for the biological make-up of the individual, can determine whether or not they will commit delinquent acts. It also takes account the psychological status of the individual and assess whether or not they will commit delinquent actions in the near

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Social bond theory was described in the textbook as,”Hirschi argued that through successful socialization a bond forms between individuals and the social group. When that bond is weakened or broken, deviance and crime may result” (127). In the film Bowling for Columbine it described Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold as socially outcasts from the school. Connecting back to social bond theory Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold did not have bonds within the school as they were not in social norms and acted against it. In the textbook it further states, “We not only assume the deviant has believed the rules, we assume he believes the rules even as he violates them” (127).

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Within the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.

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This theory is also based upon four concepts or elements found with social bonds: attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement, all of which contribute to criminal behavior. Social bonds are the interpersonal relationships we form with family, teachers, friends, employers and even neighbors. Self-control also plays a part in this theory because if a person does not possess self-control, the person is more prone to engaging in criminal activity because they do not want to violate social norms or hurt others. The stronger these elements are; the less likely criminal behavior takes

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1097 Words | 5 Pages

According to social control theory, individuals conform to social norms based on their bond with society. Individuals who experience a strong bond with society characteristically display congruence with societal values and norms, while those who experience weak or broken bond with society characteristically deter from these values and norms. Utilizing the four elements of social bond, it is possible to explain the reasoning behind the criminal, deviant and delinquent behaviour exhibited by notorious serial killer and necrophiliac, Jeffrey

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1004 Words | 5 Pages

This theory clearly rules out the effect of inherited or innate factors, and the last is the cognitive theory, which is based on how the perception of an individual is manifested into affecting his or her potential and capability to commit a crime. (Psychological theories of crime) Relating these theories to the case under study, it’s clear that the behaviour can be traced most times to faulty relationships in the family during the first years of

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1802 Words | 8 Pages

Developmental theories look at how offenders start and end their criminal behaviors. All developmental theories, including the two focused on in this paper, pull from social, psychological, and biological factors to find answers. Both of these theories follow along a trajectory or pathway for offenders. Sampson and Laub’s age-graded theory has offenders following along two possible trajectories. They can either follow along the high risk trajectory or the low risk trajectory.

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We ask a question which came first the peer of the delinquent with selection perspective youth, selects their peers based on their own delinquency or delinquent attitudes. The socialization perspective with peer influence involvement attitudes and what are possible relationships criminal associations criminal definitions which lead to crime. This is a macro level theory on

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1336 Words | 6 Pages

Social learning theory and social bonding theory are two theories that may be compared and contrasted because they both overlap and differ. Although these theories have their similarities and differences, one theory may prove to be more convincing in terms of applying the theory to the understanding of crime and delinquency. Social learning theory refers to Akers’ theory of crime and deviance. Akers attempted to specify the mechanism and processes through which criminal learning takes place by explaining crime and deviance; he did this in such a way that the likelihood of conforming or deviant behavior based on the influence of an individual’s history of learning was accounted for. This theory was based off Sutherland’s differential association theory, which had nine propositions outlining the process by which individuals acquire attitudes favorable to criminal or delinquent behavior with the basic idea that people tend to associate with others in which they come into contact.

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991 Words | 4 Pages

Fifth, the specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable. Sixth, a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of the law. Seventh, Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. Eighth, the process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning. Lastly, while criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values, since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values.

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507 Words | 3 Pages

The Mafia and organized crime would be an example of deviance in society. Differential Association Theory and Social Structure sheds light on how individuals learn to become criminals, the conditions in social structures that lead to deviant behavior, and how both are similar. Members of the Mafia are influenced by their own set of norms and beliefs in their culture. Both, Differential Association Theory and Social Structure, are essential for a complete understanding of deviant behavior and why organized crime exists.

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My paper aims to discuss the three different factors of criminal behaviour, what causes it and why. My essay will examine and focus mainly on the genetic makeup of a person, the environment in which they are raised in and gender differences.

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The relationships shape a person’s behavior and seeks to identify those features of a person’s personality and of the environment that keeps a person from committing a crime (Schmalleger, 2012). Social control theory predicts that when social constrains on antisocial behavior are weakened or are absent, delinquent behavior will happen. Social control asks why people obey rules instead of breaking them. Social control does not stress causative factors in criminal behavior (Schmalleger, 2012). Social control theory tries to find and identify features of personality and the environment that keep people from committing crimes.

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755 Words | 4 Pages

These individuals are likely to believe that the better way to reduce crime is to give criminals a harsh punishment. A positivist theory tries to explain that several biological and social factors may lead to criminal behavior. For example, there might be a lack of poverty and education in some places in which could result in a cause of higher crime rates but can be reduced if employment and educational opportunities are being suggested. Last theory is Individual trait, in which suggests that the most distinguishable differences between noncriminal and criminals are physiological and biological. Therefore a suggestion for this would be to limit the interaction between the ones who have the same

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267 Words | 2 Pages

A theory that explains juvenile delinquency is the Psychological theory. This theory focuses on the personality of the offenders rather than biological or social situations. This theory easily explains juvenile delinquency when looking at the three interrelated parts of the personality- id, ego, and superego. The id is the part of the personality that is supposed to destroy aggression which usually controlled as a person grows and learns social norms and rules; however, an over aggressive person may have an under regulated id which could cause them to be violent.

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1045 Words | 5 Pages

The set of the structural-functional theories are among the most widespread perspectives on the juvenile delinquency. The group of the theories regards that the behavior of the underage delinquent is caused by the breakdown of the social process that consequently results in the increase of conformity (Thompson & Bynum, 2016). The group of theories presumably blame institutions that are responsible for the socialization of the young delinquents for the way the socialize the individuals by causing them to conform to the values of the society. One of the central theories of the juvenile delinquency is the anomie theory that is rooted in the early studies by the sociologist Emile Durkheim.

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