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Psychological and sociological perspectives
Psychological and sociological perspectives
Psychological and sociological perspectives
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This theory stresses the contact between evolving people and the way of life in which they live. This theory advises that human learning is basically a social
They learn from observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and the outcomes of those behaviors This theory is often referred to as a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. Richard Ramirez is prime example of the social learning theory. He wanted respect from his cousin, and tried to gain it by modeling his behavior towards the crimes that he saw happening to women from the photos that his cousin showed him after he returned from Vietnam. Shortly after his cousin’s return, he started doing drugs and later turned violent. He heard stories from his cousin about how he brutally attacked women, and fed off his cousin’s body language while he told the stories of what he did to those
Running Head: Model Comparison Instructional Development Models Comparison: Concept Attainment Model and Concept Development Model Caner ŞAHİN COMPARISION OF TWO SAMPLE INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS First instructional model: Concept Attainment Model The concept attainment model based on research of Jerome Bruner, Jacqueline Goodnow and George Austin which was reported in the landmark work A Study of Thinking (1986).
The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.
✔ Comprehension ✔ Application ______ Analysis ✔ Synthesis ______ Evaluation Learning Styles/Domains _____ Visual – Spatial ✔ Bodily – Kinesthetic
Social Learning Theory is different from the Behaviourist Theory as it recognises the significance of cognition, as we are not submissive learners. Cognition includes mental processes used to help us make choices in what we do. We learn through: observation, modelling and indirect and direct reinforcement. Bandura believed that vicarious positive reinforcement is the most common reason for behavior modelling. A strength is that it is less deterministic than the behaviorist approach and can account for cultural differences in behaviour.
The age that prompted to humanistic psychology started to in the period before World War II in the works of men like Alfred Adler, Gordon Allport, Henry Murray, and Prescott Lecky, in addition to the early written work of Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Rollo May. Their thoughts formed into a development in the 1950s, with general acknowledgment from the public of the more famous works of Rogers, Maslow, and May, and in addition in the philosophical and psychiatric enthusiasm for European existentialism. It was solidified in 1962 by two occasions: the production of Abraham Maslow's Toward a Psychology of Being, in which this brand of humanistic psychology was characterized as the "Third Force" rather than behaviorism
Kolb’s model is built up through the four stages of individual learning process (Kolb, 2005;
A brief summary of each learning style follows; summarized from The Kolb Learning Style Inventory – Version 3.1 – 2005 Technical Specifications. - Diverging an individual with diverging style has CE and RO as predominant learning capacities. Individuals with this learning style are best at viewing concrete circumstances from numerous diverse perspectives. They have a tendency to have expansive social diversions and like to accumulate data. They are interested by individuals, have a tendency to be innovative and passionate, and frequently spend significant time in expressions of the human experience.
That is, even teachers, parents and other elder family members can learn or understand how to apply social learning theory, for example, using reinforcement, punishment and modeling, to affect people’e behaviors by looking at related books.
I always believe that to be a good and competent doctor, a person needs to realize that they are not only dealing with the disease or illness, but also the patients carrying the disease. Patients are humans, they have feelings and emotions. Therefore, knowledge of human biology is not the only thing a person must bring it with them in order to be a good doctor. The definition of health given by the World Health Organization is “ health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Body Kinesthetic: an individual’s ability to move an object skillfully and the coordination to move their body. Musical: an individual’s interpretation of tone and pitch including the understanding of rhythm and harmony. Visual/Spatial: an individual’s ability to judge distance as well as their ability regarding high order thinking such as understanding mazes and maps.
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura’s (1997) social learning theory states that people learn from their interactions with others. It says that people learn from watching each other or by imitation. There are three types of Bandura’s social learning theory: observational learning, imitation, and behavior modeling (Bruner, 1990; Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Bandura’s social learning theory says that humans cannot learn for themselves, thus they have to control the variables in their surroundings to influence their own learning (Bandura, 1999).
The ability to learn from another refers to social cognitive theory. Being in the developmental stage, everything you observe and take part in can be linked to social cognitive theory. There is a point in time where you are having to learn from someone else; therefore; watching their every move. Social cognitive theory was originally thought in 1977 by Albert Bandera (McLeod, 2016). Some of Bandera’s examples include children and their interaction with adults.
The Learning perspective argues that children imitate what they see and hear,and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement.(Shaffer,Wood,& Willoughby,2002). The main theorist associated with the learning perspective is B.F. Skinner. Skinner argued that adults shape the speech of children by reinforcing the babbling of infants that sound most like words. (Skinner,1957,as cited in Shaffer,et.al,2002). This theory explains that the language starts on what they see or hear, the children will imitate what they see on their parents or the people around them.
