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Mandler's Interruption Theory Of Stress

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Theories on Stress
Stress has generally been viewed as a set of neurological and physiological reactions that serves an adaptive function (Franken, 1994). Traditionally, stress research has been oriented toward studies involving the body 's reaction to stress and the cognitive processes that influence the perception of stress. However, social perspectives of the stress response have noted that different people experiencing similar life conditions are not necessarily affected in the same manner (Pearlin, 1982). There are societal and cultural influences of stress.
Hans Selye (1982) points out that few people define the concept of stress in the same way or even bother to attempt a clear-cut definition. According to Selye, an important aspect …show more content…

He points out that stressors vary in their durations.
Mandler 's (1982) Interruption Theory of stress provides a transition between the internal component of stress and the interaction component. Mandler defines stress as an emergency signaling interruption. The basic premise is that autonomic activity results whenever some organized action or thought process is interrupted.
Lazarus and colleagues (1984b; 1978) have proposed a cognitive theory of stress which addresses this interaction. They refer to this interaction as a transaction, taking into account the ongoing relationship between the individual and the environment. Their theory places the emphasis on the meaning that an event has for the individual and not on the physiological responses.
According to the Transaction Theory of stress, the cognitive appraisal of stress is a two-part process which involves a primary appraisal and a secondary appraisal. Primary appraisal involves the determination of an event as …show more content…

He recognized that reducing negative workplace stress has a very positive influence on sick time and productivity. He also proved that an employee’s sense of loss of personal power leads to negative stress and loss of performance. It is clear that, a business community has moved into the research of negative stress that affects the passion and productivity of employees, and the bottom line of corporate performance. His book tells us how to measure the impact of stress in an organization or department and identifies the strategies available to you to recover the productivity that has been lost to

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Stress can be seen in everyone’s life but not everyone reacts to stress in the same way. A friend who just lost his job that helped him cover tuition costs might feel very stressed out. He could have many different potential reactions to his job loss but if one were to apply Lazarus and Folkman’s cognitive theory then he would not be too devastated by this stressful event. With this situation, he would engage in primary appraisal, secondary appraisal and a stress response to tear down the stressful event and figure out what he will do.

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Unit 2 Assignment: Diagnostic Writer’s Response Whether it is a little or a lot, everyone experiences stress at some point. Stress does not always have a negative effect, most of the time the effects can be positive. On the other hand stress is associated with the development of most major mental health problems such as depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and pathological aging (Marin, 2011). It has also been linked to all leading physical causes of death such as heart disease, cancer and stroke (Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007).

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When presented with uncertainty about a decision, or perceiving a threat to survival such as having to swing around a horizontally metal 1-inch pole’s axis completely with nothing to hold on to other than your hands, physiological changes in the body occur (known as the ‘fight-or-flight’ response) that are known to excite the sympathetic-division of the autonomic nervous-system into a ‘hyper-aroused’ state which is described to be “a non-specific response” to stress by Selye (1979) [reference to textbook case study on pg243]. Continuing on with Selye’s pioneered research on ‘stress’, he was able to distinguish between two different responses to ‘stress’ – a negative response would be labeled ‘distress’ and can be seen in worrying situations;

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For instance, "We do not process information as a computer does, dispassionately; we react to it physically" (Coates, 2014, para. 8). This analogy distinguishes human thought and computer processing to illustrate the idea that humans respond to information in a more emotional and biological way. He also provides clarity for biological concepts by saying, "As such, most stress is not, well, stressful. For example, when you walk to the coffee room at work, your muscles need fuel, so the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol recruit glucose from your liver and muscles; you need oxygen to burn this fuel, so your breathing increases ever so slightly; and you need to deliver this fuel and oxygen to cells throughout your body, so your heart gently speeds up and blood pressure increases" (Coates, 2014, para. 7).

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