Summary Of Steven M. Cahn's Introduction And First Chapter On Argument And Reasoning

Analyze Steven M. Cahn’s introduction and first chapter on Argument and Reasoning. (p 9-20). With other videos and articles assigned this term, what is Philosophy? How does reason help when asking questions?

Philosophy originated in Greece and literally means the love of wisdom in the Greek language. Philosophers linger to learn the answer to the questions of the world. “Questions are asked such as: does God exist? do human beings ever act freely? what is the best way to live? what is right and what is wrong?” (Cahn 9). When someone wants to comprehend the fundamental facts about themselves, the world they live in, and their relationships to that world and to one another, they pursue the knowledge of Philosophy. Argument and Reasoning is

The main difference is that inductive reasoning is aimed at developing a theory. Deductive reasoning aims at testing an existing theory. The weakness of deductive reasoning is that it requires the original premise to be correct. Inductive reasoning is flawed in the sense that the sample size can be too small, and opinions can often be included making the premises invalid. Deductive reasoning is highly reliable when the original premise is true. However, a benefit of Inductive reasoning is it often allows a conclusion which is based on a more specific

Such arguments start with an empirical observation of the world that motion, causation, or simple regular things exist, and draw the conclusion that God's presence explains this observation. For example, “a house results from the actions of its builder, and rain results from certain meteorological conditions. But if everything that exists depends for its existence on something else, then the world itself depends for its existence on something else, and this “something else” is God” (Cahn 52).

Ontological arguments are arguments, for the conclusion that God exists, from premises which are supposed to derive from some source other than observation of the world. “It makes no appeal to empirical evidence but purports to demonstrate that God’s essence implies God’s existence” (Cahn 53). It asks anyone at all to simply think of the greatest conceivable being and then it indicates that a being that exists in reality is greater than one that is just in the