Sci-Fi Paper
Chao Tang
1565604
Defined Terms
1. The Sun and Space Weather
Solar Wind — Solar Wind come from the Sun’s outer atmosphere, a steady outflow of charged particles from the Sun.[1] -As particles flow past Earth’s orbit, Solar Wind travel at an average of 400 km/s. [1]
-Slow wind’s temperatures will reach up to 800,000 degrees C.[1]
-Solar Wind consists many of protons and electrons in a state known as a plasma.[2]
Solar Radiation Storm —occurs when a large-scale magnetic eruption.[2]
-It can get accelerated to 1/3 the speed if light which is almost 100,000 km/sec.[3]
-The protons travel 150 million km from the sun to Earth just need 30 minutes. [3]
-Solar Radiation Storm often cause a coronal mass ejection and associated
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[3]
-The photosphere has temperature about 5,800 degrees Kelvin, Sunspot has about 3,800 degrees K.[4]
-Sunspot is really large which has 50,000 kilometers diameter. [4]
-The solar cycle is an approximately 11 years repetition. [3]
Space Propulsion and Orbital Mechanics
1.Hohmann Transfer - A orbit can take a spacecraft from Earth to Mars.[9]
-Earth and Mars align properly for a Hohmann transfer once every 26 months.[9]
-Take 234 days to Mars by Hohmann Transfer. [10]
-Hohmann Transfer minimizes fuel consumption.[10]
2.Gridded Ion Thruster- Modern spacecraft use fuel and electrical power to travel.[11]
-Over 90 percentage are demonstrated fuel efficiencies. [11]
-Spacecraft can reach speeds up to 90,000 meters per second. [11]
-Many thrusters can be used on a spacecraft, they ofter used just one at a time.[11]
3.Gravitational Assist- Use of the gravity of a planet or other celestial body to alter the path and speed a spacecraft.[12]
-Spacecraft fire up the engines and change the velocity by more than 9,300 miles/h.[12]
-
-A spacecraft can simply carry more furl in order to support power for
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[5]
-95 percentage of mars’ atmosphere are carbon dioxide. [5]
-Average temperature is about minus 60 degrees Celsius, can reach 20 Celsius near the equator during the day time.[5]
-The water is still scare or not-existent.[5]
2.The moons of Mars- There are two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, which both smaller than Earth’s moon.[5]
-Phobos and Deimos are both tiny - Phobos, is only 22 kilometers. Deimos, is 13 kilometers.[6]
-Phobos orbits 6,000 kilometers from the Martian ground, Deimos orbits 20,069 kilometers.[6]
-The two small bodies which orbit the red plants. [6]
3.Physical characteristics-soil looks red because of the iron minerals oxidize, or rust.[7]
-Mars has the same amount of dry land as earth, which is 32,600,0 km^2.[7][8]
-Has the largest volcanoes, Olympus Mons, which is 370 miles in diameter.
-Many of regions on Mars are flat, low-lying plains.[7]
[1] http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/solar-wind/