The post-World War I and World War II worlds created a new outlook on life. The peace in these post-war worlds was shaken by fear of communist takeovers. As well as the fear of how these rumored communist-or Bolsheviks- would affect American views on gender and family relations. The first Red Scare occurred after World War I. Many believed that communists were inciting rebellions in the form of labor unions in almost every state; focus shifted from the Red Scare when the need to focus on the war in Europe overpowered the supposed presence of a communist party. After World War II, tensions arose between Russia, then known as the USSR, and the United States. This tension and the events that followed came to be called the Cold War, one of its main events being the Second Red Scare. The Second Red Scare was more destructive than the first. During this Scare, the United States believed that it was constantly under attack from Communists, both from within and outside of the nation 's borders. The way historians have viewed the effects of the Red Scare on gender is mostly the same they all believe the connection between the Red Scares and gender were all related to sexuality. The first monograph in this paper is Elaine Tyler May’s Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, published in 1988 and is considered the expert book on gender in the Red Scare. She is cited in three of the other monographs mentioned in this paper. May focuses on gender and sexuality during the