Hind Brain Research Paper

Hind brain (Rhombincephalan) the hind brain contain the brain stem and the medulla oblongata (Myelencephalon) form by the anterior thickening of basal plate and posterior alar plate separated by sulcus in the fourth ventricle. The hind brain continues to form the spinal cord. As like cerebrum, cerebellum has fissured mass in the posterior cranial fossa attached with brain stem by three pairs of peduncles. From the base of the brain stem the 12 pairs of cranial nerves are arising. The motor nuclei of the IX, X, XI and XII cranial nerves line in the fourth ventricle is formed by the basal plate neurons. The sensory nuclei of V, VIII, IX, and X cranial nerves are form by the neurons of alar plate. The choroid plexus is formed as result of vagination

In the white matter area of the medulla oblongata contains ascending and descending nerve tracks which cross the brain and spinal cord. The protrusions in the white matter forms the pyramids with corticospinal nerve connect the cerebrum with spinal cord which controls the movement of voluntary muscles. These nerve tracks cross the left side to the right side of the body. The medulla regulates the force and heart rate through the cardiovascular system and medullary rhythmic area of respiratory center controls the respiratory processes. Other functions are controlling reflexes for vomiting, swallowing, sneezing and coughing and hiccupping. On the posterior side of the medulla contain gracile and cuneate nuclei related with sensation of touch, pressure, vibrations and consciousness. The gustatory or taste pathways from tongue to the brain are carried by the gustatory nuclei. The cochlear nuclei and the vestibular nuclei carries message to the brain. The vestibular nuclei also receive sensory information for posture and balance. Medulla functioning takes place through vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal

The central cord syndrome occurs due to a spinal cord injury. When the person is affected loss of sense and motions of hands and legs is a common symptom. The central cord syndrome occurs due to the damage in the gray matter area of the spinal cord. In spinal stenosis is rare disorder which shows a narrowing of spinal cord in the foramen. It shows symptoms of loss of motor control, pain and paraesthesia. When there is an inflammation in the white matter or gray matter region of the spinal cord or connecting with brain results myelitis. In myelitis, paralysis and sensory loss can occur due to the damage caused in myelination of the axon. Anterior spinal artery syndrome is a condition that arouse when the blood carrying artery is interrupted. It is common syndrome with symptoms of loss of sensory and motor sensation due to injury. (Medlineplus,