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The Importance Of Ethical Decision Making In Healthcare

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service users, thereby improving healthcare outcome (Chaloner, 2007). Their main concern is to guide the activities of healthcare providers by utilization of the professional code of conduct so that professionalism in practice will be maintained, informed decision making and ensuring patient’s safety (DH, 2012; NMC, 2008). These also contributes to improvement in the quality of life by reducing morbidity and mortality rate, thus, promoting consistency of care (Hansson, 2009; Corey et al., 2014).
According to Corey et al. (2014) it was stated that when making a decision, healthcare professionals should always consider the potential consequences that could result from the available options given, putting into consideration the legal and ethical result of the decision that is being made. This corresponds with the British Medical Association which states that “medical ethics is seen as implementing ethical reasoning to medical decision making” (NHS, 2010a). There are dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals in the clinical setting during decision making (Hardy and Smith, 2008) hence, in decision making, the professional code of …show more content…

Autonomy in the healthcare system can be defined as allowing patients make their decisions by choosing their preferred healthcare treatment plan, and making a decision on what they want without intrusion from the healthcare providers (Entwistle, 2010). This is considered as the act of an individual making un-coerced decisions (Griffith and Tengnah, 2008). In addition, in the current healthcare agenda, informed consent was included, which serves as a paradigm shift from the paternalism approach to respecting and valuing patient’s autonomy (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 2014; Alzhemier Europe,

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Atul Gawande in his article “Whose body is it, anyway?” introduced couple of cases, which discussed a controversial topic, doctors dealing with patients and making important medical decisions. These are difficult decisions in which people might have life or death choices. Who should make the important decisions, patients or doctors? Patients don’t usually know what is better for their health and while making their decisions, they might ignore or don’t know the possible side effects and consequences of these decisions.

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Things that are good: a warm summer day, apple pie, family time, and informed consent. The most important goal of informed consent is that the patient has an opportunity to be an informed participant in her health care decisions. At the same time patients want to limit access to information about themselves, they are equally concerned about the mirror image of this information management problem – how to gain access to the facts needed for making informed judgments about treatments, physicians, and health care plans (Yount, 2001). Today, throughout the United States, physicians are legally required to provide this information and obtain written consent before carrying out any major medical procedure (Yount, 2001).

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Consent is patients’ rights because they have right to know what is happening to their life which is fundamental value in professional practice (Department of Health (DH), 2001). Dougherty and Lister (2015) state that consent is a patient’s rights to refuse or to accept a treatment. However, Dimond (2010) said that consent is a voluntarily decision which can be given orally, verbally, written or implied for example if you ask a patient to take their blood pressure and they offer their arm. Eyal (2012) also states that consent promote trust in medical procedures that people may seek and comply with medical advice and participate in medical research. Bok (2013) argues that there are problems with the trust-promoting as many patients give consent despite being to some extent distrustful.

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For instance, the practitioners are obligated to constantly inform the participants about plans that pertains to interventions (Reamer, 1987). In addition, it is essential for informed consent to include the following: “What is done, the reasons for doing it, clients must be capable of providing consent, they must have the right to refuse or withdraw consent, and their decisions must be based on adequate information” (Kirk & Wakefield, 1997, p. 275). One of the most dehumanizing incidents that occur is the researchers prohibit the participants’ self-determination. For example, the men were compliant with receiving treatment and to be examined by the physicians.

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I believe that our patients have many basic rights that must always be provided, and must always be upheld. Our ethical duty as healthcare professionals ensure that we must give our patients these basic rights so we can provide the highest level of care possible. These basic rights include, privacy, respect, and also patients should be given the opportunity to give informed consent, among many other things. First and foremost, our patients must always be provided with a high level of privacy. Privacy allows our patients to feel comfortable coming to our healthcare facility and not have to worry about their confidential medical information getting released to anyone from the outside.

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Informed consent is the process by which the treating health care provider discloses appropriate information to a competent patient so that the patient may make a voluntary choice to accept or refuse treatment. (Appelbaum, 2007)1 It originates from the legal and ethical right the patient has to direct what happens to her body and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her health care. In order for the consent to be valid, the patient must be competent to take the particular decision; have received sufficient information to make a decision; and not be acting under stress.2,3 This may be an issue if consent is obtained upon the day of surgery. Most patients will have firmly decided to proceed for surgery. However,

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Informed consent is defined as the knowledgeable and voluntary agreement given by a patient. Informed consent protects patient autonomy and endorses trust between the medical community and the patient. If a patient knows that they are lied to, or not told the entire truth, the patient will lose confidence in the medical community as a whole (Eval, 2011). If this non-education does happen, then the patient will not be able to make choices about the end of their life, medially or financially (Piper, nd). Personal integrity is gained when informed consent is used, as the person is making their own choices, not having their family or others make choices on their behalf, when the patient is excluded for the education of the disease (Eval, 2011).

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I believe the most compelling reasons to give patients maximum autonomy over decisions regarding their care is because patients should have self-ownership over their own body, and the quality of life. may seem dependent on the patient’s interest over the physician’s decision. The definition of patient autonomy is to have personal freedom of one 's decision that is free from both controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choice. While on the other hand, a physician’s duty of “beneficence” is the hippocratic oath in which action that is done for the benefit of others such as help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others. I believe patient autonomy over weighs prioritization over the medical professional’s duty due to the fact the main concern overall is over the patient’s health.

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The practice of health care includes many scenarios that have to do with making adequate decisions when it comes to a patient’s life, and the way they are treated. Having an ethical code in all health care organizations is very important, because it helps health care workers with reaching a suited and ethical decision when it comes to the patient. In health care, patient will always be put first, and their autonomy will always be respected. Nevertheless, when there is a situation where a patient might be in harm, or might be making their condition worse because of the decisions they made. Health care workers will always be there to

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