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Qualitative Research In Psychology

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Recommended: Examine the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research

Qualitative research allowed researchers interact actively with their participants (Muchnisky, 2003). According to Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, and Zechmeister (2003), qualitative research will not contain any statistical analysis since it only having verbal record. On the other way, quantitative methods will heavily rely on tests, rating scales, questionnaires, and physiological measures (Stone-Romero, 2002). This mean, quantitative research will reflect results in numbers while qualitative research will show results in flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events or processes (Landy & Conte, 2004; Strauss & Corbin, 1990). When conduct qualitative studies on behavior, data such as how people experience and feel events in their lives will …show more content…

The main reason was due to only a limited qualitative researchers been trained in 1980s compare with quantitative researchers (Taylor & Bogdan). However, with the expansion of scope in the evaluation such as employee behavior, work performance, job satisfaction, stress management, personnel specifications, and human factor workplace, qualitative research was needed by industrial/organizational psychologists to study the organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to have a set of guide line for qualitative research methodologies and methods amenable to the study of organizations, especially for frequent users such as clinical psychologists (Camic, Rhodes, & Yadley, 2003).

2.0 Comparing quantitative and qualitative research
The main different between quantitative and qualitative research are their analytical objectives, the types of questions pose, the types of instruments use to collect data, the forms of data produce and the degree of flexibility built into study design.

3.0 Use of Qualitative Research Methods in …show more content…

Usually researchers will not talk to the participants to prevent any interruption during the research process. Participants will closely monitor by digital camera or close circuit television (CCTV) and observers will write down relevant personnel issue in a transcript. This transcript considered is qualitative since it only contains non-numerical terms such as language and images. Observational methods suit for supervisors, human resources experts and consultant in the organizational setting which was used to observed workers’ behavior on the job (Krumm, 2001). According to Muchinsky (2003) and Sackett & Larsen (1990), observational methods hardly use by industrial/organizational psychologists because it require a large amount of time and energy. Furthermore, under existing laws, all participants should be acknowledged by the researcher prior to the observational research start (Esterberg, 2002). The “Hawthorne effect” may occur since participants are fully aware that they being observes or studies (Orcher,

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Beginning with primary data collection, participant observation will be applied to my research. In this research, researchers are to get fully involved with the live and activities of subjects and hence to be part of the group. Participant as observer will be used to monitor employee who work onsite and how HRM manage people who are offsite and onsite at the same time. Participant reveal purpose as researcher, both subject and observer realise this is a fieldwork relationship, observer hope to gain trust of the group. (Saunders, Mark, 1959- (2009).

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(Baumrind, 1964) criticised Milgram on the terms of which his experiment caused unjust psychological damage to his participants, however it could be argued that the benefits of understanding a behaviour such as obedience outweighs the costs of ethical issues . However Berscheid et al (1973) used a role playing paradigm to determine whether potential participants would provide informed consent to participate within Milgram’s experiment subsequent to being given different levels of information concerning the procedures of the experiment, and found that most participants were willing to participate after only being given the cover story. Thus supporting that any remaining ethical issues were due to the nature of the unexpected results (Milgram,1963) . An alternative way to tackle ethical issues could be to introduce a two-step screening process, for example individuals whom had been treated for mental illnesses previously would not be used within the experiment. It may be argued that the sample may not be truly representative however more importantly unnecessary psychological damage with be kept to a

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A qualitative research approach was used to carry out the study. Qualitative research can be defined as "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990, p. 17). Domegan and Fleming (2007) state that, “Qualitative research aims to explore and to discover issues about the problem on hand, because very little is known about the problem”. Qualitative data sources consist of observation, interviews and questionnaires, documents and texts, and the impressions and reactions of the researcher (Myers, 2009). The researcher is considered the primary instrument of data collection and analysis in qualitative studies.

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In this report I am going to be comparing and contrasting quantitative and qualitative methods of research. Quantitative data is data that is generally focused on numbers for example methods like questionnaires and official statistics. Qualitative data is data that is a lot more in depth for example interviews and observations. I am going to be comparing questionnaires with interviews and official statistics with observations. Questionnaires are used to collect quantitative data as the results can be expressed with numbers.

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Observation is one way to collect the data. Creswell (2009, p.181) argues that observation is kind of collecting the data in which the researchers take field notes on the behavior and activities individuals at the research site. Meanwhile, Sugiyono (2011, p. 245) has classified observation in three types. They are participant observation, overt observation, and unstructured observation. This study was refers to the participant observation because Sugiyono (2011, p 226) states that “In participants observation, the researcher observes what people do, listen to what they say, and participate”.

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