There were two major civilizations for Christianity, which was Byzantium and the Roman Empire, both splitting in a feud between several arguments. The Roman Empire eventually collapsed, yet the Byzantium with Orthodox Christianity survived and lived on. Byzantium spread their influence to places like the Balkans, and especially western Russia. The capital of Byzantium was Constantinople, built by a foundation of a town called Byzantium. This capital, at the times when both the Roman Empire and Byzantium were parts of each other, was where new, separate eastern emperors ruled.
The development of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire were different due to government, economies and religion. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an Emperor instead of a King, while Western Europe was separated into different countries by the language spoken. Western Europe had social systems of feudalism in place to serve the people. Christianity played a major role in both of the developments of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire was influenced by Romans, but Western Europe considered the Pope to be of high influence and guidance.
Throughout history, there has been many battles in which two large and powerful empires fought to maintain land, fought over religion, or to gain an abundance of resources. These empires, the Greek and the Persian, were hostile towards each other at the time. Although these empires were quite similar, they were near direct opposites at the time.
The ottomans started very small and soon became large. Byzantium had control of the Silk Road until the ottomans got power. Constantinople (present day name Istanbul and previous name Byzantium) was a walled city and no one could get in. Well thanks to the silk road Byzantium had open arms to the ottos got their hands on cannons very early. (Earlier than any other European nation.)
From the period of 550 BCE to 600 CE, many significant political, social, and cultural developments took place in Persia, Greece, and Rome. One of the most notable developments was the rise of the Achaemenid Empire in Persia, which was known for its vast territorial conquests and its sophisticated administrative system. The empire was marked by a series of powerful rulers who expanded the empire's borders and established a complex system of governance that included a network of satrapies and a royal road that facilitated communication and trade throughout the empire. The Achaemenid Empire was also known for its cultural achievements, including the construction of magnificent palaces and the patronage of art and literature.
In the section of “Piety and Power in Byzantium”, Moore discusses the role of Byzantine women’s financial patronage and veneration of religious icons had on the molding of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Byzantium. Moore mentions that Empress Helena (ca. 248-ca. 330) was the “first Christian imperial patron” (Moore 2015, 69) because she was responsible for the “construction of more than thirty churches in the Holy Land as well as churches in Rome” (69). Empress Helena and her financial patronage set the precedence for other empresses and wealthy women to fund the construction of other religious institutions. The veneration of icons came to be an important facet of Eastern Orthodoxy through empresses and wealthy women’s advocacy for them.
The Middle East is a place that was the birthplace for many cultures and religions such as Christianity and Islam. As they expanded from this region, both of these religions had good impact on history. However, Christianity and Islam have their similarities in religious beliefs and their differences in expansion between the two religions. Within the time period c. 600 CE to 1250 CE and 1st century to 1000 CE Islam and Christianity began to spread around the world. The two religions spread socially and economically similar but politically different.
Thesis: From the time period of 400-1000 CE, the Byzantine Empire and Western Rome had many continuities and changes in their agricultural production, such as feudalism, the heavy plows (change), peasant labor (continuity), and lords and vassals relying on agricultural production (change). After the fall of the Roman Empire, advancements such as the heavy plow emerged, increasing efficiency in agricultural production between 400-1000 CE. The usage of the heavy plow in Western Rome eventually replaced the light Mediterranean plows used before the fall of the Roman Empire. The development of the heavy plow during the Middle Ages enabled farmers to add more steps in their farming which ultimately increased agricultural production. Iron plows
Ottoman Empire Summary The Ottoman Empire had been around for hundreds of years. However it began to weaken. The weakness was from the Ottomans struggle to modernize.
Like father like son, these prominent kings are the ones responsible for the great Macedonian Empire, who defeated the Persians, and made other Greek city states tremble before them. Macedonian rule first began to make headway under Philip II after he was released from Thebes, from being a hostage for three years, he noticed what can be changed. He decides to make his three part plan, completely unique to him. His plan includes: improving the phalanx, conquering Greece under Macedonian rule, and invading Persia for vengeance. Macedonia had always been looked down upon from the other Greek poleis as non Greek and underlings toward them, now Philip II had a score to settle, and people to prove wrong.
Another significant similarity in the spread and development of these beliefs is that both faiths would experience a split that would change history forever. In 1054, a combination of political tension, theological differences, and leadership disputes between Rome and Constantinople caused what become known as the “Great Schism”. The Great Schism created two separate churches, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. These two churches remained under a state of excommunication from 1054 until 1965 when the leaders of the two churches finally agreed to meet and resume dialogue after
Crumbling political institutions and the erosion of decade old systems can be interpreted as a result of the Fall of Constantinople however the Byzantine systems prior to the invasion were already in a state of disarray. The entirety of the country feared Ottoman expansion and yet despite all their attempts the country had been abandoned by the West all pushing excuses of ongoing wars or events that prohibited them from sending aide or joining in wars directly. The political situation was worsened when Constantine XI interpreted Ottoman weakness and supported uprises of emirates within the Ottoman Empire being that of Aydin, Germiyan and Mentshe. These actions greatly angered the Ottoman Sultan as it had done damage which could cause “the
Byzantium had often been portrayed as an authoritarian empire whose emperors have supposedly God-given and unlimited power. However, this assumption about the political sphere of the Byzantine Empire might be a partial representation at most, since the political realm had been, not in theory but in practice, fragmented among different actors. Even though some modern Byzantinists have successfully challenged this kind of prejudices, the passive role which frequently attributed to the populace has not been sufficiently criticized yet. The history of Byzantium was composed of recurring political, economic, and religious disturbances, revolts, and uprisings which particularly took place in flourished urban centers.
History of Byzantine Empire The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium that was a colony of Greek established by a person called Byzas. The empire was located on the Bosporus region in Europe thus serving as a trade route to Asia. It was the extension of the Roman Empire since most of the Roman practices were incorporated into this kingdom.
During the Postclassical Period, Medieval Europe and the Islamic Caliphates shared similarities and had differences. Although they both had religious and political oppositions, they differed in treatment of women in society. Both civilizations used architecture to spread their major religion; however, the Islamic Caliphates valued education while Medieval Europe reflected religion in their works. Both the Islamic Caliphates and Medieval Europe experienced a division in religious society due to objections of religious and political matters. Within Medieval Europe, in Western Christendom, the Great Western Schism occurred where King Philip IV quarreled with Pope Boniface because the pope refused to allow priests to pay taxes to the king.
