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The Scientific Method Paper

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The scientific method Researchers use the scientific method as an approach to identify a problem, conjecture a hypothesis that could solve the problem, collect data pertaining to the hypothesis, and examine the data to determine if it supports or solves the research problem. The scientific method requires the use of deductive logic and inductive reasoning, and they fuel each other during the scientific research process. Deductive logic is important for creating research hypothesis and testing theories. It begins with a theory or argument, and researchers gather data to test the theory (Levy, 2013). Inductive reasoning is when researchers draw conclusion about a large population from observations on a smaller sample of the population. This …show more content…

Rather, they choose a subset or sample of the people they are interested in studying. The conclusions drawn from the sample testing can be used to make generalizations about the entire populace if the sample is an accurate representation of the population. This refers to the research’s external validity. It is very important the researcher accurately writes in the study that he is using a sample or subset of a population. Cautious researchers say exactly what their intent is (Leedy & Ormrod, 2016). Some of the many types of sampling procedures are simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, convenience sampling, and snowball sampling. I prefer the simple random sampling procedure. Randomization ensures that the comparison groups are equal with respect to how they occur in the population (Morrison-Beedy & Melnyk, 2012). It is not practical for sampling large populations, but is effective for research done on small populations with known individuals (Leedy & Ormrod, …show more content…

Qualitative research is exploratory, and researchers use this to investigate a topic that is immature. An immature topic is when the variables are unknown and little research has been done. Other reasons to use qualitative research is when the available theory on the topic is incorrect, inappropriate or biased. It is also a good method to use when a need exists to explore and describe the topic and to develop a theory. This approach is also necessary when the nature of the topic or situation does not fit with the quantitative approach to research (Creswell, 2014). The most commonly used methods in qualitative research are participant observation, interviews, and focus groups (Leedy & Ormrod,

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Scientific research is methodical. Created from a desire to make the unknown known, the “scientific method” was created in the 15th century based on common sense. As Barry analysis the scientific process, he says that the unknown must be made into a tool, even against one’s own ideas and beliefs. However, that concept is tenuous, so Barry uses logical situations to present the idea.

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Stratified Random Sampling because she chooses students equally from girls and boys group. e. A researcher wants to analyze the issues that teacher’s in her district believe to be detrimental to student achievement. He prints a list of all 2,200 district employees and choose every 8th person on the list to be in his

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The Scientific Method is a way to answer and ask scientific questions by creating a hypothesis and creating an experiment. The steps of the scientific method include: asking a question, background research, creating a hypothesis, test your hypothesis by doing an experiment, analyzing the data, drawing a conclusion, and finally publishing your results. There are many places in the book The Hot Zone by Richard Preston in which steps of the scientific method are used, the first one I found was during the Kitum Cave expedition. In the Kitum Cave expedition, Eugene Johnson set up an experiment to test if the source of the virus that infected Peter Cardinal and Charles Monet was inside Kitum Cave.

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This is called the scientific method and has been used not only in fields of science but also in politics and government. Document three is a model of the scientific method from 1999. The model consists of the 7 steps of this process. One: state the problem, two: collect information, three: form a hypothesis, four: experiment, five: record and analyze data, six: state a conclusion, seven: repeat the steps. The method was built using logic and reason to get from one step to the next.

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The appropriate test is selected by identifying the purpose of the test, what data is used, how many samples, level of measurement, and if there is a hypothesis. Looking for a relationship, comparing data, or testing a hypothesis are what a statistical test can answer at different level of measurements and counts based on a researcher’s needs. The purpose of a test will provide direction to what type of population parameter is selected. The population parameter controls the level of measurement in one or more variables of a sample mean or population mean.

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However, a benefit of Inductive reasoning is it often allows a conclusion which is based on a more specific

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The participants selected and the methods of selection will ultimately define the boundaries of the study results. Judging the external validity of a study (i.e.: Assessing to whom the study results may be applied) requires that a comprehensive description of the selection standards and selection methods and descriptive data regarding the study sample be provided. This subsection could begin with a brief introduction of the study setting, in order to contextualize the work showed. This should include the setting, location(s) and relevant dates of the study, indicating, for example, periods of recruitment, exposures or interventions, follow-up and data collection. After introduction of the work setting, there are three major issues that should

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Example: If majority of people who are superstitious are catholic, then historians could track that back to catholic beliefs and who actually thought of these superstitions and why they did. The more in-depth hypothesis being tested is that if a group of catholic women and a group of catholic men are questioned on their belief of superstitions, then the men are going to be more superstitious than the women because men are more gullible than women. Opinion on men are based off of personal experience. Participants will complete a questionnaire, physical copy and digital copy, that young adults, adults, and elders will fill out. The questions include age, gender, ethnicity, are you superstitious or not, what superstitions you believe in, etc.

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Legalizing Abortions: A woman’s choice for control Judith Jarvis Thomson made a revolutionary essay towards women’s rights and their rights to their own bodies in A Defense of Abortion featured in Philosophy & Public Affairs of Fall 1971. Many philosophers will go into detail upon detail about the morality of abortions whether the fetus should be considered a human being or more so if the fetus should have the same rights as a human being, the right most important, the right to life. Thomson goes to the extreme and states even if the fetus were to be looked at with the same rights as a born person, it gives no right to the fetus to use the body of the mother without the mother’s permission. Thomson made the male audience adopt the perspective

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Determining of the sample size is a crucial issue as the samples which are large can waste time, money and resources. Conversely, the examples that are very small can lead to inaccurate outcomes (Button et al., 2013). The sample size of the targeted population determines how well the targeted population gets represented. One of the merits of systematic sampling method is that the routine samples are easy to construct, compare, execute and understand. The process greatly helps my research study since it operates on a tight budget.

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One of the core tenets of science is the ability to use methods of reason to arrive at a discovery or answer to life’s questions. Two ways to do this are inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. In the following paragraphs, inductive and deductive reasoning will be compared and contrasted, as well as analyzing which would be best to use to establish cause and effect. First, how are inductive and deductive reasoning the same? In both inductive and deductive reasoning, a form of logic is used.

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Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying (original) reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.

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3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.

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This also guarantees that the sample will be representative of the specific population. The pros of utilizing probability sampling are that it provides a complete sampling framework, this will also ensure that the researcher has the necessary data for the entire population that is being utilized for the study. The outcomes can also be used as an inference for the whole populace. This study will also utilize convenience sampling for those individuals who are accessible and/or are willing to

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Qualitative research method has been widely used to gather data on specific subjects. With in- depth analysis, this method helps the researcher to get greater insights on various phenomena. The major reason why it is usually preferred over other methods is that it not only examines the when, where and what of a decision making process but also the why and how. Debates, interviews and various other researches are the areas where this approach is commonly used. Depending on the requirement of the research, the data gets streamlined once the entire data is obtained and gathered.

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