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The Soul In Phaedo

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In Phaedo, Socrates asks his companions “if the soul exists before, it must, as it comes to life and birth, come from nowhere else than death and being dead, so how could it avoid existing after death since it must be born again? (77d)” In this passage it is implied that the soul is an entity which passes through a person 's life stages, remaining intact when it enters the body at birth and also when it leaves the body at death. Socrates then compares the soul to the Forms, which are “invisible” and unchanging, to distinguish it from the body, which is “visible” and subject to change (78d-79b) This comparison is meant to comfort Simmias and Cebes, who are concerned that the soul might not survive the physical body 's death. This
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In response to the long-standing philosophical question of immorality, many philosophers have posited the soul criterion, which asserts the soul constitutes personal identity and survives physical death. In The Myth of the Soul, Clarence Darrow rejects the existence of the soul in his case against the notion of immortality and an afterlife. His primary argument against the soul criterion is that no good explanation exists for how a soul enters a body, or when its beginning might occur. (Darrow 43) After first explicating Darrow 's view, I will present what I believe is its greatest shortcoming, an inconsistent use of the term soul, and argue that this weakness impacts the overall strength of his argument.

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In Phaedo Socrates argues that perfect entities can be superior to bodies. An example of this can be knowledge. This is an entity superior to our body because knowledge isn’t something that can be physically destroyed. It is a “thing” within our body that makes up something but isn’t actually there visibly. This is superior to our bodies because knowledge can be limitless, as opposed to bodies you can physically see can have limitations on what the physical body can do.

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The final argument of Plato’s Phaedo was created to prove souls cannot perish. Plato does so by arguing how a soul cannot die nor cease to exist on the same fundamental grounds of how the number three can never be even. For the number three holds the essence of being odd, without being odd entirely. Similarly, a soul holds the essence of life through immortality, however the soul is not immortal itself and only participates in immortality, just as the number three participates in being odd. Additionally, an essence or form cannot admit to the opposite of itself just as small cannot be large simultaneously, and hot cannot be cold.

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