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Rogerian Theory Of Gender Inequality Essay

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Gender Inequality and the Marxian Theories It is difficult to omit the issue of gender inequalities as well as comparative studies when studying issues dealing with women in SSA. Studies argue that gender inequality spread widely in societies for many years, although scarcely generalized, almost all cultures have to some extent experienced control by men (Goldberg, 1993; Rosaldo & Lamphere, 1974; Sanderson, Heckert & Dubrow, 2005). The only variation is the degree of which gender inequality exercised in each society (Sanderson, Heckert & Dubrow, 2005). The Marxian theories by Engels ([1884] 1970) state that for many years men and women were treated the same. Due to the emerging of human “stratification” progression, men started …show more content…

The colonial regime applied the same regulation to their African colonial countries. In SSA, colonial government ratified laws that eliminated women from employment and from the business formal segments. They accordingly, introduced “gender based division of labor in agriculture,” men produced cash crops and women food crops. Women in Development (WID) activists in the early 1970’s by Easter Boserup, a Danish economist, and writer, criticized this European ideology for agricultural renewal. She realized how discriminatory the system is, as the ‘colonial and post-colonial agriculture” work in favor of men more than women. Other countries like Kenya and Nigeria oversaw the problem joined Boserup, and they protested against the colonial ideas that favored men (Njoh, & Rigos, …show more content…

Schools in SSA region during colonial period were for boys and not for girls (Njoh, & Rigos, 2003). In Cameroon for example, girls had no access to schools, and this includes St. Joseph’s College, the Protestant college, and the government Technical College-Ombe. After independence, many SSA governments continued to follow the colonial education system. In Cameroon for example, girls were not accepted to schools that was meant for boys. Therefore, until recent years there were not many women prepared for formal and business activities. During the independence time, no women were qualified for job employment in the government. The colonial system was the initial of “gender-based social economic” difference which is common in SSA economic system (Njoh, & Rigos, 2003. The UN realizes the difficulties of many women in the developing nations after the industrial capitalism that controlled the long-established economies (Mensah & Antoh, 2005). The UN’s second decade declaration of 1975-1985 for women propagates governments, and non-governmental agencies to acknowledge the role of women in development activities (Moser, 1989, &1993; Blomqvist & Tisdell, 1996; Momsen, 1991; Hay & Stichter 1995; Brydon & Legge, 1996 and Mensah & Antoh, 2005). The industrialized economy modernized production economies and better paid employment

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The document "On the Equality of the Sexes" by Judith Sargent Murray reveals the author's arguments on gender inequality in America. Published in 1790 in the Massachusetts Magazine, Murray's thoughts on the matter of women's education stems from her own experience on denied opportunities because of her gender. She was not allowed to attend college for the simple fact that she was a female, but had studied alongside her brother while he was preparing for college. This shows that despite her sex, she was just as capable as a male in terms of intellectual capacity and it was unfair that she was not allowed to further this pursuit.

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In these interactions, the upper middle class women meet at world fairs to promote and make innovations in education, welfare and home services (Snarr, 2012). A woman’s view of development revolved around the terms of human and social development. Thus, women began forming organizations committed to human rights, development and peace. The first network to form was called the International Feminist Network who pushed for the UN to acknowledge that sexual assault on women during times of conflict is a form of violence (Snarr, 2012). Therefore, development was being made for equality for women and the poor.

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The Hamlin’s had no physical experience with this condition due to its rarity in western countries. After much literary research, correspondence with other doctors (pg.77) and help from the revolutionary fistula discoveries of Dr James Marion Sims, who completed the first successful fistula operation and opened the world’s first fistula hospital in New York, the Hamlin’s felt confident enough to begin fistula operations on the patients. (pg.80) Hamlin depicts the gender inequality ever-present in the Ethiopian community. This is evident as she explains that women who suffer from obstetric fistula will be shunned from their village, and as a result induces physical and psychological trauma.

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This term refers to the gap in pay between men and women in which men, on average, are paid more for the same job as women. This unjust treatment of women can easily be overlooked. It brings up a valuable topic which is worth further discussion. Why are women being treated unfairly? Many efforts are being made to reduce this oppression, but no solutions have been attained.

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Throughout the history of the United States, let alone the world, women have faced a lack of economic independence that caused them to become dependent on their fathers or husbands. According to sociologist and author Charlotte Perkins Gilman, active around the turn of the 20th century, this lack of economic independence amongst women has a direct relationship with gender inequality. As per her theory regarding this relationship, Gilman identifies three factors that help to cause gender inequality: gender socialization, sociobiology, and a Marxist emphasis. That is, girls are taught to be different from boys beginning at a young age, there biological differences between women and men, and women are prone to more submissive roles within families

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Marx and Engel focused on class conflict as the driving force for their argument. Throughout history, there is a common theme of a caste society lasting for so long until the mistreated lower class attempt to break the cycle; but that system is only replaced with a new

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Gender Stratification in Society According to Kofi Annan, “Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance”. When an individual is being treated unfairly due to their gender, it is known as gender inequality. Gender inequality is more eminent among females and is known as a patriarchal society.

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It is proven that gender does contribute to a difference in wages in society and there for another cause of wealth inequality. The U.N. has found that gender discrimination is still a significant factor in holding many women and children around the world in poverty. In many countries, there is a gender income gap in the labor market. For example, in America, statistics show that “The median full-time salary for women is 78 percent of that of men”; despite the fact women make up half the workforce. One of the reasons women earn less income/money in their lifetime is usually because they are single mums and/or have more people/family to support on their

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The fact also arises that women not only suffer from lack of recognition for the work they do in households but also for their work in their jobs. Women work as much as men, if not more. When both paid and unpaid work such as household chores and caring for children are taken into consideration, women work longer hours than men—an average of 30 minutes a day longer in developed countries and 50 minutes in developing countries. This is known as second shift, where women not only work at their jobs but also come back home and complete their household chores. However their contribution remains minimum due to unequal wage pay and lack of consideration given to household chores.

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In addition to working in such hostile environments, women are consistently are paid less than their men peer, earning about 81 cents to every 1 dollar of men’s wage( Conley, 2011). Situation during the first years of millennium has substantially impacted gender roles in society. In twentieth century, study of gender roles is considered one of the most significant tendency in the contemporary sociology science. Because of gender problems have become one the most controversial issues in the scientific investigations, academic analyses and today’s media, the confusion about the similarity of two concept :sex and gender has decreased. In sociology science, these terms are regulated dominate different spheres.

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There are several different sociological theories that help explain gender and gender inequality. Some of these theories are the structural-functional theory, the symbolic-interaction theory, the social-conflict theory and the intersection theory. All of these theories help to explain gender inequality, but there are limitations to each approach. The first theory is the structural-functional theory, this theory explains that the differences between men and women is what shapes society. Each gender has specific roles that help to create a balanced society.

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Aubrey Rose A, Barangot English 27B Title Gender Equality: An Established Human Right Thesis Gender Equality and Stereotypes Inroduction The gender equality has been accepted and acknowledged as human rights’ principles since the adoption of charter of United Nations in 1945. Most of the international agreements such as ‘the Millennium Development Goals (2000)’ and ‘the World Conference on Human Rights (1993) have highlighted and stressed the grave need for nations to take appropriate actions against such discriminatory practices. To give clarity to this research, the researcher uses the following definitions: “Everyone has a fundamental right to live free of violence.

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Introduction: Large number of working bodies in literature worked on gender poverty, but the relationship between the two have not been properly analyzed. The relation between gender and poverty is quite simple to understand when such terms in literature exist such as women rights, women equality, and women running households, vulnerable or poor women. Such concepts underpin development arguments on the ‘feminism and poverty’ and the references given to women such as poorest of the poor, etc. Gender analysis is not all about whether men are poorer or women it’s basically about how gender differentiates the social processes which are leading them towards the poverty.

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The United States is currently facing an economical problem that involves males and female differences within the workplace. Males are given bigger and sometimes even better rewards for doing equal amounts of work as their female counterparts. Females are frequently not receiving the same wage even if they can complete the same job of a male. Also, females are less likely to get promoted within their job if they are competing against a male. A source states, “Women are now more likely to have college degrees than men, yet they still face a pay gap in every single education level,

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Gender Equality is the only way forward. What is gender equality? Gender equality is achieved when all genders enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including economic participation and decision-making, and when the different behaviors, aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and favored.

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