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Travis Hirschi Social Control Mechanisms

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According to social theorist, Travis Hirschi there are four elements first the attachment element, second the commitment element, third element involvement and lastly the belief element (Social Control Theory, 2002). The attachment element is used today by juvenile perspective is the attachment they must an individual such as having the same interest likes the person they are friends with. Most of this relates to childhood did the parents or family member that raised this juvenile teach social structure at a young age, showing them how to bond by interacting appropriately with others and knowing what it is to have a friend relationship with someone. Gathering the commitment element is the dedication with engaging with others in their activities …show more content…

The social control mechanisms have a formal and informal category ("Social control | The world Around Us", 2017). Formal can be the organized system referring to reactions or expressions by organizations or agencies ("Social control | The world Around Us", 2017). The development of historic and society conditions with weaken the informal mechanism formal and informal cannot act independently considering informal focuses on small groups such as family and friends ("Social control | The world Around Us", 2017). If there was not laws or rules created there would not be any deterrence and if a family doesn’t create rules then behavior is not regulated if they create rules, but do not follow through with punishment the behavior will not be discouraged ("Social control | The world Around Us", 2017). Mechanisms focus on encouraging or discouraging different behaviors ("Social control | The world Around Us", …show more content…

Social control theory is why people obey rules ("Social Control Theory - Criminology - Oxford Bibliographies - obo", 2017). Control theories explain how behavior conforms to that which is expected in society presenting development process in internal constricts developing during childhood ("Social Control Theory - Criminology - Oxford Bibliographies - obo", 2017). The focus of social control theory is human nature concept of free will and by giving offenders the capacity for choice of responsibility of the behavior ("Social Control Theory - Criminology - Oxford Bibliographies - obo", 2017). The thoughts of importance of examining both risk a protective factor when it comes to juveniles is developing an effective relationship to reduce delinquency. Juveniles who have poor parental supervision has increased a risk to commit a crime in the future. Risk and protective factors affect juveniles in three systems (micro level) individual, (messo level) social, and (macro level) community (Reilly, 2017). Identify the risk and protective factors to prevent juvenile problems of behaviors includes four steps defining the problem, identify risk and protective factors, develop and test prevention strategies and wide spread adoption (Reilly,

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Essentially, this theory suggests that crimes and other comparable acts occur due to the lack of self-control (O’Grady 2014, 117-118). Thus, low self-control and criminal opportunity makes way for criminal acts (Broll, 2017). Moreover, the theory suggests that individuals lacking self-control are self-centered, risk-takers, impulsive and lack perseverance (O’Grady 2014, 118). According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, self-control is established early in life (O’Grady 2014, 118). An individual’s degree of self-control is influenced by the quality of parenting during childhood (O’Grady 2014, 118).

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However, what happens when people are not restrained by social conventions? Are laws necessary or can they be too restrictive? What would happen if people were not restrained by social conventions? “Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures; and that when I reached years of reflection, and began to look round me

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According to social control theory, individuals conform to social norms based on their bond with society. Individuals who experience a strong bond with society characteristically display congruence with societal values and norms, while those who experience weak or broken bond with society characteristically deter from these values and norms. Utilizing the four elements of social bond, it is possible to explain the reasoning behind the criminal, deviant and delinquent behaviour exhibited by notorious serial killer and necrophiliac, Jeffrey

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In the book Social Control by James Chriss, the author argues, "since the public health model views problems in society as a diseases or disease-based, the three prevention-primary, secondary, and tertiary - refer to the stage to which the disease has progressed at diagnosis or discovery. In this sense, tertiary prevention is the lowest level of prevention, in that it represents a state of affairs in which the disease has gone undiagnosed or unnoticed for quite some time" (Chriss 2013). According to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affair (VA), 476,515 military service members with primary or secondary diagnosis of PTSD received treatment at VA medical centers and clinics in 2011. Also, the secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric K. Shinseki, states

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Rules are everywhere in our society. We see them as laws, as “guidelines", and most are created with the intention of protecting and keeping peace. From countries to schools, all have some rules to follow. Still, some people feel that this means that others have control over them, that others have control over what they say and do. This notion of control is played with by author Suzanne Collins in the book The Hunger Games.

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For social control theory, the underlying view of human nature includes the conception of free will, thereby giving offenders the capacity of choice, and responsibility for their behavior. As such, social control theory is aligned more with the classical school of criminology than with positivist or determinist

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The social control theory (also known as the social bond theory) has a close tie to crime as it is a proposal that emphasizes what people take into consideration before breaking the law or becoming deviant. Some of these include commitments, relationships, values, norms and beliefs. Travis Hirshi developed this theory in the year 1969 as an effort to answer the question as to why people obey the law. The theory implies that when the bond to society has weakened, people are more likely to participate in criminal activity. A sufficient amount of social connections and social networking would usually prevent the immoral actions but as a person experiences it less the probability that they would participate in those kinds of activities increases.

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Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc.), commitment (to school, learning, etc.), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.), and belief (those that are positive). According to social control theory, an individual is more likely to be criminal/deviant if they are detached and alienated (from friends, education, family, etc.),

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5.3. Criminological theories to explain the offender’s behaviour POWER CONTROL THEORY John Hagan as well as Gillis and Simpson developed the power control theory in 1985, by using micro and macro-level abstract ideas to explain delinquency in relation to gender differences (Mitchell, 2009:12). Schram and Tibbetts (2013:201) states that the power control theory presumes that gender relations in the family structure will determine the degree of delinquency and the involvement in crime between males and females. Furthermore, this theory presumes that the family structure, gender differences as well as class position will determine the degree of deviant behaviour that will be present in males and females (Anon, 2016:1).

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The Social Learning Theory (SLT) maintains that children develop patterns of violent or delinquent behavior through imitation. For instance, if a child is being beaten at home, then the child will revert to doing so to other children at school. The Social Control Theory (SCT) says that individuals have a natural tendency towards crime and violence

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Youth poverty is correlated with youth violence so in order to lower youth violence and help children succeed we must combat the problem of poverty. The factors that cause poverty are a combination of the structural context of neighborhoods and individual level factors (Chonody). Structural factors would be issues like mobility, urbanicity, and degree of disadvantage (Chonody). Individual factors would be things like low self-control, exposure to deviance, and weak relationships (Chonody).

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Retrieved May 31, 2015, from Abandunadong Kahoy Website: https://imaginaryblogger.wordpress.com/2009/07/27/juvenile-delinquency-its-effects-and-how-to-solve-it/ (2014, May). Retrieved May 31, 2015, from Wikipedia Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndicate Bridges, K. B. (1926-1927). Factors Contributing Juvenile Delinquency. 17, 531. Farrington, D. P. (n.d.).

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